Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Growth Rate and Biomass Productivity of Chlorella as Affected by Culture Depth and Cell Density in an Open Circular Photobioreactor

  • Liang, Fang (Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Wen, Xiaobin (Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Geng, Yahong (Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Ouyang, Zhengrong (Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Luo, Liming (Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Li, Yeguang (Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
  • Received : 2012.09.18
  • Accepted : 2012.11.10
  • Published : 2013.04.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The effects of culture depth (2-10 cm) and cell density on the growth rate and biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. XQ-200419 were investigated through the use of a self-designed open circular pond photobioreactor-imitation system. With increases in culture depths from 2 to 10 cm, the growth rate decreased significantly from 1.08 /d to 0.39 /d. However, the biomass productivity only increased slightly from 8.41 to 11.22 $g/m^2/d$. The biomass productivity (11.08 $g/m^2/d$) achieved in 4 cm culture with an initial $OD_{540}$ of 0.95 was similar to that achieved in 10 cm culture with an initial $OD_{540}$ of 0.5. In addition, the duration of maximal areal productivity at a 4 cm depth was prolonged from 1 to 4 days, a finding that was also similar to that of the culture at a 10 cm depth. In both cases, the initial areal biomass densities were identical. Based on these results and previous studies, it can be concluded that the influence of culture depth and cell density on areal biomass productivity is actually due to different areal biomass densities. Under suitable conditions, there are a range of optimal biomass densities, and areal biomass productivity reaches its maximum when the biomass density is within these optimal ranges. Otherwise, biomass productivity will decrease. Therefore, a key factor for high biomass productivity is to maintain an optimal biomass density.

Keywords

References

  1. Doucha, J., F. Straka, and K. Livansky. 2005. Utilization of flue gas for cultivation of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) in an outdoor open thin-layer photobioreactor. J. Appl. Phycol. 17: 403-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-005-8701-7
  2. Doucha, J. and K. Livansky. 2009. Outdoor open thin-layer microalgal photobioreactor: Potential productivity. J. Appl. Phycol. 21: 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9336-2
  3. Ding, Y. C., Q. Gao, J. R. Liu, Y. J. Yi, J. G. Liu, and W. Lin. 2011. Effects of environmental factors on growth of Chlorella sp. and optimization of culture conditions for high oil production. Acta Ecol. Sin. 31: 5307-5315.
  4. Hartig, P., J. U. Grobbelaar, C. J. Soeaer, and J. Groeneweg. 1988. On the mass culture of microalgae: Areal density as an important factor for achieving maximal productivity. Biomass 15: 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(88)90057-1
  5. Hsieh, C. H. and W. T. Wu. 2009. Cultivation of microalgae for oil production with a cultivation strategy of urea limitation. Bioresour. Technol. 100: 3921-3926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.019
  6. Hu, Q. and A. Richmend. 1996. Productivity and photosynthetic efficiency of Spirulina platensis as affected by light intensity, algal density and rate of mixing in a flat plate photobioreactor. J. Appl. Phycol. 8: 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186317
  7. Hu, Q., Z. Yair, and A. Richmend. 1998. Combined effects of light intensity, light-path and culture density on output rate of Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteria). Eur. J. Phycol. 33: 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670269810001736663
  8. Illman, A. M., A. H. Scragg, and S. W. Shales. 2000. Increase in Chlorella strains calorific values when grown in low nitrogen medium. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 27: 631-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00266-0
  9. Iwamoto, H. 2007. Industrial production of microalgal cell-mass and secondary products-major industrial species: Chlorella, pp.255-263. In A. Richmend (eds.). Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Biotechnology and Applied Phycology, 1st Ed. Blackwell, Oxford.
  10. Liang, Y., N. Sarkany, and Y. Cui. 2009. Biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella vulgaris under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions. Biotechnol. Lett. 31: 1043-1049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-009-9975-7
  11. Liu, Z. Y., G. C. Wang, and B. C. Zhou. 2008. Effect of iron on growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 4717-4722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.073
  12. Lv, J. M., L. H. Cheng, X. H. Xu, L. Zhang, and H. L. Chen. 2010. Enhanced lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris by adjustment of cultivation conditions. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 6797-6804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.120
  13. Masojidek, J., A. Vonshak, and G. Torzillo. 2010. Chlorophyll fluorescence applications in microalgal mass cultures, pp. 277-292. In D. J. Suggett, O. Prasil, and M. A. Borowitzka (eds.). Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications, 1st Ed. Springer, Dordrecht-Heidelberg-London- New York.
  14. OH-Hama, T. and S. Miyachi. 1988. Chlorella, pp, 1-26. In M. A. Borowitzka and L. J. Borowitzka (eds.). Microalgal Biotechnology, 1st Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  15. Ouyang, Z. R., X. B. Wen, Y. H. Geng, G. Y. Zhang, H. Mei, H. J. Hu, and Y. G. Li. 2010. The effects of main environmental factors on the photosynthesis of Chlorella. J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 28: 48-54.
  16. Qu, C. B., Z. Y. Wu, and X. M. Shi. 2008. Phosphate assimilation by Chlorella and adjustment of phosphate concentration in basal medium for its cultivation. Biotechnol. Lett. 30: 1735-1740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9758-6
  17. Richmond, A. 2004. Principles for attaining maximal microalgal productivity in photobioreactors: An overview. Hydrobiologia 512: 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000020365.06145.36
  18. Sorokin, C. and R. W. Krauss. 1962. Effects of temperature and illuminance on Chlorella growth uncoupled from cell division. Plant Physiol. 37: 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.37.1.37
  19. Ugwu, C. U., H. Aoyagi, and H. Uchiyama. 2007. Influence of irradiance, dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature on the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana. Photosynthetica 45: 309-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-007-0052-y
  20. Wang, J. F., D. X. Han, M. R. Sommerfeld, C. M. Lu, and Q. Hu. 2013. Effect of initial biomass density on growth and astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis in an outdoor photobioreactor. J. Appl. Phycol. 25: 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9859-4
  21. Wei, Z. Y., B. X. Huang, W. Feng, and H. Y. Wang. 2011. Screening of oil-producing Chlorella and optimization of medium. China Oils Fats 36: 37-40.
  22. Zhang, B. Y., Y. H. Geng, Z. K. Li, H. J. Hu, and Y. G. Li. 2009. Production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus in open pond by two-stage growth one-step process. Aquaculture 295: 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.043
  23. Zhang, G. Y., X. B. Wen, F. Liang, Z. R. Ouyang, Y. H. Geng, H. Mei, and Y. G. Li. 2011. The effects of physical and chemical factors on the growth and lipid productivity of Chlorella. Acta Ecol. Sin. 31: 2076-2085.

Cited by

  1. Pilot project at Hazira, India, for capture of carbon dioxide and its biofixation using microalgae vol.23, pp.22, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6479-6
  2. Enhancing biomass and fatty acid productivity of Tetraselmis sp. in bubble column photobioreactors by modifying light quality using light filters vol.22, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-017-0200-6
  3. Growth Medium Screening for Chlorella vulgaris Growth and Lipid Production vol.6, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2017.06.00143
  4. Process for Preparing Value-Added Products from Microalgae Using Textile Effluent through a Biorefinery Approach vol.5, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01961
  5. Integrated lipid production, CO2 fixation, and removal of SO2 and NO from simulated flue gas by oleaginous Chlorella pyrenoidosa vol.26, pp.16, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04983-9
  6. Molecular identification, biomass, and biochemical composition of the marine chlorophyte Chlorella sp. MF1 isolated from Suez Bay vol.18, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-020-00044-8
  7. Effects of the antimalarial lumefantrine on Lemna minor, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris vol.85, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2021.103635
  8. Effect of ultraviolet radiation (type B) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the interspecific interaction between Microcystis flos-aquae and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata vol.779, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146561