Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis on running safety of train on bridge with wind barriers subjected to cross wind

  • Zhang, T. (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University) ;
  • Xia, H. (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University) ;
  • Guo, W.W. (School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University)
  • Received : 2012.04.26
  • Accepted : 2012.12.01
  • Published : 2013.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An analysis framework for vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction system under turbulent wind is proposed based on the relevant theory of wind engineering and dynamics. Considering the fluctuating properties of wind field, the stochastic wind velocity time history is simulated by the Auto-Regressive method in terms of power spectral density function of wind field. The bridge is represented by three-dimensional finite element model and the vehicle by a multi-rigid-body system connected by springs and dashpots. The detailed calculation formulas of unsteady aerodynamic forces on bridge and vehicle are derived. In addition, the form selection of wind barriers, which are applied as the windbreak measures of newly-built railways in northwest China, is studied based on the suggested evaluation index, and the suitable values about height and porosity rate of wind barriers are studied. By taking a multi-span simply-supported box-girder bridge as a case study, the dynamic response of the bridge and the running safety indices of the train traveling on the bridge with and without wind barriers are calculated. The limit values of train speed with respect to different wind velocities are proposed according to the allowance values in the design code.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmed, S.R., Gawthorpe, R.G. and Mackrodt, P.A. (1985), "Aerodynamics of road and rail vehicles", Veh. Syst. Dyn., 14(4-6), 319-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423118508968836
  2. Andersson, E., Haggstrom, J., Sima, M. and Stichel, S. (2004), "Assessment of train-overturning risk due to strong cross-winds", J. Rail. Rap. Trans., 218(3), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954409042389382
  3. Baker, C.J. (1991), "Ground vehicles in high cross winds part 1: steady aerodynamic forces", J. Fluids. Struct., 5(2), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-9746(91)80012-3
  4. Baker, C.J. (1991), "Ground vehicles in high cross winds part 2: unsteady aerodynamic forces", J. Fluids. Struct., 5(2), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-9746(91)80013-4
  5. Baker, C.J. and Reynolds, S. (1992), "Wind-induced accidents of road vehicles", Accid. Anal. Prev., 24(6), 559-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(92)90009-8
  6. Carrarini, A. (2007), "Reliability based analysis of the crosswind stability of railway vehicles", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95(7), 493-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2006.10.001
  7. Cheli, F., Corradi, R., Diana, G. and Tomasini, G. (2003), "A numerical-experimental approach to evaluate the aerodynamic effects on rail vehicle dynamics", Veh. Syst. Dyn., 41, 707-716.
  8. Chen, R.L., Zeng, Q.Y., Huang, Y.Q., Xiang, J., Wen, Y., Guo, X.G., Yin, C.J., Dong, H. and Zhao, G. (2010), "Analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind", Sci. Chin. (Phys., Mech. Astron.), 53(4), 751-757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-010-0158-2
  9. Chen, X.Z., Matsumoto, M. and Kareem, A. (2000), "Time domain flutter and buffeting response analysis of bridges", J. Eng. Mech., 126(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:1(7)
  10. Cooper, R.K. (1981), "The effect of cross winds on trains", J. Fluid Mech., 103(1), 170-178.
  11. Cooper, R.K. (1979), "The probability of trains overturning in high winds", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wind Engineering, Fort Collins, July.
  12. Davenport, A.G. (1961), "The application of statistical concepts to the wind loading of structures", Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., 19(2), 449-472. https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1961.11304
  13. Diedrichs, B. (2010), "Aerodynamic crosswind stability of a regional train model", J. Rail. Rap. Tran., 224(F6), 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544097JRRT346
  14. Diedrichs, B., Sima1, M., Orellano, A. and Tengstrand, H. (2007), "Crosswind stability of a high-speed train on a high embankment", J. Rail. Rap. Tran., 221(2), 205-225. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954409JRRT126
  15. Fujii, T., Maeda, T., Ishida, H., Imai, T., Tanemoto, K. and Suzuki, M. (1999), "Wind-induced accidents of train/vehicles and their measures in Japan", Quart. Report Railway Tech. Res. Inst., 40(1), 50-55.
  16. Guo, W.W., Xu, Y.L., Xia, H., Zhang, W.S. and Shum, K.M. (2007), "Dynamic response of suspension bridge to typhoon and trains II: numerical results", J. Struct. Eng., 133(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:1(12)
  17. Guo, Z.S., Zhu, L.D. and Zhou, Z.Y. (2009), "Optimization selection of bridge windbreak and the influence on the aerodynamic performance of bridge", Proceedings of the 14th Structural Wind Engineering Conference in China, Beijng, September. (in Chinese)
  18. Hagen, L.J., Skidmore, E.L., Miller, P.L. and Kipp, J.E. (1981), "Simulation of effect of wind barriers on airflow", Transact. ASAE, 24(4), 1002-1008. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.34381
  19. Han, Y., Chen, Z.Q. and Hua, X.G. (2010), "New estimation methodology of six complex aerodynamic admittance functions", Wind Struct., 13(3), 293-307. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2010.13.3.293
  20. Heisler, G.M. and Dewalle, D.R. (1988), "Effects of windbreak structure on wind flow", Agric. Ecosystems Environ., 22/23, 41-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90007-2
  21. Howell, J.P. (1986), "Aerodynamic response of maglev train models to a crosswind gust", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 22(2-3), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(86)90085-1
  22. Kim, D.H., Kwon, S.D., Lee, I.K. and Jo, B.W. (2011), "Design criteria of wind barriers for traffic. Part 2: decision making process", Wind Struct., 14(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2011.14.1.071
  23. Kwon, S.D., Kim, D.H., Lee, S.H. and Song, H.S. (2011), "Design criteria of wind barriers for traffic. Part 1: wind barrier performance", Wind Struct., 14(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2011.14.1.055
  24. Liu, Q.K., Du, Y.L. and Qiao, F.G. (2008), "Train crosswind and strong wind countermeasure research in Japan", J. Chin. Rail. Soc., 30(1), 82-88. (in Chinese)
  25. Li, X.Z. and Zhu, Y. (2010), "Stochastic space vibration analysis of a train-bridge coupling system", Interact. Multiscale Mech., 3(4), 333-342. https://doi.org/10.12989/imm.2010.3.4.333
  26. Li, Y.L., Qiang, S.Z., Liao, H.L. and Xu, Y.L. (2005), "Dynamics of wind-rail vehicle-bridge systems", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93(6), 483-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.04.001
  27. Ministry of Communications of PRC (2004), Wind resistant design specification for highway bridges JTG/T D60-01-2004, 46-47, China Communications Press, Beijing.
  28. Ministry of Railways of PRC (2010), Code for design of high-speed railway TB 10621-2009, 58-59, China Railway Publishing House, Beijing.
  29. Nikitas, N., Macdonald, J.H.G. and Jakobsen, J.B. (2011), "Identification of flutter derivatives from full-scale ambient vibration measurements of the Clifton Suspension Bridge", Wind Struct., 14(3), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2011.14.3.221
  30. Noguchi, T. and Fujii, T. (2000), "Minimizing the effect of natural disasters", Jpn. Rail. Transport Rev., 23,52-59.
  31. Orellano, A., Schober, M. and BuXmann, C. (2002), "On side-wind stability of high-speed trains", Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, Vienna, July.
  32. Procino, L., Kozmar, H., Bartoli, G. and Borsani, A. (2008), "Wind barriers on bridges: the effect of wall porosity", Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications, Milano, July.
  33. Qu, W.L. and Liu, L.N. (2007), "CFD-based numerical research in the identifying of tri-component force coefficient of bridge", J. Wuhan Univ. Tech., 29(7), 85-88.
  34. Qian, Z.Y. (2009), "Strong wind disaster and control countermeasure for northwest China railways", Chin. Rail., 51(3), 1-4. (in Chinese)
  35. Saito, H., Suzuki, M. and Tanemoto, M. (2006), "Effects of wind fences on aerodynamic characteristics of train/ vehicles in cross winds", Proceedings of the 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Seoul.
  36. Simiu, E. and Scanlan, R.H. (1978), Wind effects on structures: an introduction to wind engineering, Wiley, New York.
  37. Strukelj, A., Ciglaric, I. and Pipenbaher, M. (2005), "Analysis of a bridge structure and its wind barrier under wind loads", Struct. Eng. Int., 15(4), 220-227.
  38. Suzuki, M., Tanemoto, K. and Maeda, T. (2003), "Aerodynamic characteristics of train/vehicles under cross winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(1), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00346-X
  39. Wetzel, C. and Proppe, C. (2008), "Crosswind stability of high-speed trains: a stochastic approach", Proceedings of the 6th International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications, Milano, July.
  40. Wilson, J.D. (1985), "Numerical studies of flow through a windbreak", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 21(2), 119-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(85)90001-7
  41. Xia, H., Roeck, G.D. and Goicolea, J.M. (2011), Bridge vibration and controls: New Research, Nova Science Publishers, New York.
  42. Xiang, H.F., Ge, Y.J., Zhu, L.D., Chen A.R., Gu, M. and Xiao, R.C. (2005), Modern theory and practice on bridge wind resistance, China Communications Press, Beijing.
  43. Xu, Y.L. and Ding, Q.S. (2006), "Interaction of railway vehicles with track in cross-winds", J. Fluids. Struct., 22(3), 295-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.11.003
  44. Zhang, T., Xia, H. and Guo, W.W. (2012), "Simulation of bridge stochastic wind field using multi-variate auto-regressive model", J. Cent. South Univ. (Sci. Tech.), 43(3), 1114-1121. (in Chinese)
  45. Zhang, W.M., Ge, Y.J. and Levitan, M.L. (2011), "Aerodynamic flutter analysis of a new suspension bridge with double main spans", Wind Struct., 14(3), 187-208. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2011.14.3.187
  46. Zhang, X.J. (2011), "Investigation on the wind-induced instability of long-span suspension bridges with 3D cable system", Wind Struct., 14(3), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2011.14.3.209
  47. Zhou, Y. (2010), "Renormalization group theory for fluid and plasma turbulence", Phys. Rep., 488(1), 1-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2009.04.004

Cited by

  1. A coupled wind-vehicle-bridge system and its applications: a review vol.20, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.117
  2. Aerodynamic effect of wind barriers and running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges under cross winds vol.20, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.213
  3. Aerodynamic performance analysis of trains on slope topography under crosswinds vol.23, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3301-z
  4. Analysis on running safety of train on the bridge considering sudden change of wind load caused by wind barriers 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-017-0455-1
  5. Installation position determination of wind speed sensors on steel pole along a high-speed railway vol.23, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3365-9
  6. Wind loads of moving vehicle on bridge with solid wind barrier vol.156, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.11.009
  7. Determination method of load balance ranges for train operation safety under strong wind vol.22, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2627-2
  8. Wind tunnel test on aerodynamic effect of wind barriers on train-bridge system vol.58, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5675-1
  9. Aerodynamic interaction between static vehicles and wind barriers on railway bridges exposed to crosswinds vol.20, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.237
  10. Aerodynamic performance of a novel wind barrier for train-bridge system vol.23, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2016.23.3.171
  11. Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains of different lengths under crosswind with or without windbreaks vol.12, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2017.1390786
  12. Numerical simulation of the protective effect of railway wind barriers under crosswinds vol.3, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2015.1054906
  13. Effect of noise barrier on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train in crosswind vol.20, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.4.509
  14. Numerical analysis of wind field induced by moving train on HSR bridge subjected to crosswind vol.27, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.27.1.029
  15. Effect of bogie fairings on the snow reduction of a high-speed train bogie under crosswinds using a discrete phase method vol.27, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.27.4.255
  16. Experimental and numerical research on wind characteristics affected by actual mountain ridges and windbreaks: a case study of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway vol.14, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2020.1831963
  17. Effects of wind barriers on running safety of trains for urban rail cable-stayed bridge vol.31, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.31.1.43
  18. Stability of a train running over the Volga river high-speed railway bridge during crosswinds vol.16, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1684956
  19. Evaluation of the train running safety under crosswinds - a numerical study on the influence of the wind speed and orientation considering the normative Chinese Hat Model vol.9, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2020.1780965
  20. Assessment of train running safety on bridges: A literature review vol.241, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112425
  21. Influences of Wind Barriers on the Train Running Safety on a Highway-Railway One-Story Bridge vol.21, pp.14, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421400095
  22. Influence of Wind Barriers with Different Curvatures on Crosswind Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Train-Bridge System vol.12, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031747