Clean Technology (청정기술)

The Korean Society of Clean Technology (한국청정기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characterization of CO2 Gasification of 17 Coals With Regard to Coal Rank

다양한 등급의 17종 석탄의 CO2 가스화 반응특성 연구

  • Kim, Soohyun (Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Yoo, Jiho (Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Chun, Donghyuk (Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Lee, Sihyun (Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Rhee, Young Woo (Graduate school of Green Energy Technology, Chungnam National University)
  • 김수현 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구단) ;
  • 유지호 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구단) ;
  • 전동혁 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구단) ;
  • 이시훈 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구단) ;
  • 이영우 (충남대학교 녹색에너지기술전문대학원)
  • Received : 2013.07.31
  • Accepted : 2013.09.04
  • Published : 2013.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents results on $CO_2$ gasification of 17 raw coals containing a wide range of volatile matter (21-57 wt%). The gasification is performed using a TGA under $CO_2$ and also under $N_2$ atmosphere. An amount of weight loss with increasing temperature is proportional to that of volatile matter in a coal under $N_2$ atmosphere. Reactivity of $CO_2$ gasification also increases with a content of volatile matter. However, the correlation is a little scattered. Oxygenated functional groups in a coal are generally reactive and therefore, an increase in O/C ratio leads to enhanced reactivity. However, $CO_2$ reactivity is affected by neither H/C ratio nor a content of ashes that possibly activate the gasification reaction. These findings are also applicable to steam coal gasification and the reactivity series are confirmed in the test at a fixed bed reactor.

휘발분 21~57 wt%를 포함하는 17종의 다양한 등급의 석탄에 대하여 $CO_2$ 가스화 반응을 수행하였다. TGA를 이용하여 $CO_2$ 가스화 반응을 실시한 후 열분해 조건($N_2$)에서의 거동과 비교하였다. $N_2$ 분위기에서 온도 증가에 따른 무게 감량은 석탄 내 휘발분 함량에 비례하였고, $CO_2$가스화 반응성도 휘발분 증가에 따라 증가하였으나 열분해 대비 분산된 모습을 보였다. 석탄 내 산소 기능기들은 상대적으로 반응성이 크며, 이에 따라 O/C 비율의 증가는 $CO_2$ 가스화 반응성의 증가로 나타났다. 하지만 H/C 비율 및 가스화 반응의 촉매 역할을 담당할 수 있는 회분의 함량은 $CO_2$ 반응성과 유의할만한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 반응 특징은 수증기 가스화 반응과 유사하였으며 고정층 반응기에서 얻어진 $CO_2$ 가스화 결과와 일치하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Longwell, J. P., Rubin, E. S., and Wilson, J., "Coal: Energy for the future," Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 21, 269-360, (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(95)00007-0
  2. 2012 World Energy Outlook, IEA (2012).
  3. "전력통계정보시스템," https://epsis.kpx.or.kr (2013).
  4. 2011 World Energy Outlook, IEA (2011).
  5. Burnham, A., Han, J. W., Clark, C. E., Wang, M., Dunn, J. B., and Palou-Rivera, I., "Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission of Shale Gas, Natural Gas, Coal, and Petroleum," Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 619-627 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/es201942m
  6. Springer, "Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World," Germany, 2013, pp. 11-18.
  7. Skorek-O. A., Kotowicz, J., and Janusz-S, K., "Comparison of the Energy Intensity of the Selected $CO_2$-Capture Methods Applied in the Ultra-supercritical Coal Power Plants" Energy Fuels, 26, 6509-6517 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef201687d
  8. Li, J., and Liang, X., "$CO_2$ capture modeling for pulverised coal-fired power plants: A case study of an existing 1 GW ultra-supercritical power plant in Shandong, China," Sep. Purif. Technol., 94, 138-145 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.09.044
  9. Shoko, E., McLellan, B., Dicks, A.L., and Diniz, J.C., "Hydrogen from coal: Production and utilization technologies," Int. J. Coal Geol., 65, 213-222 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.05.004
  10. Ordorica-Garcia, G., Douglas, P., Croiset, E., and Zheng, L., "Techno economic evaluation of IGCC power plants for $CO_2$ avoidance," Energy Conv. Manag., 47, 2250-2259 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2005.11.020
  11. Collot, A., "Matching gasification technologies to coal properties," Int. J. Coal Geol., 65, 191-212 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.05.003
  12. Ball, M., and Wietschel, M., "The future of hydrogen-opportunities and challenges," Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 34, 615-627 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.014
  13. Majoumerd, M., De, S., Assadi, M., and Breuhaus, P., "An EU initiative for future generation of IGCC power plants using hydrogen-rich syngas : Simulation results for the baseline configuration," Appl. Energy, 99, 280-290 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.023
  14. Higman, C., and Burgt, M., "Gasification" 2nd ed., Gulf Professional Publishing, Amsterdam, 2008, pp 1-87.
  15. Shinya, Y., Jun, M., Yukitoshi, H., Osamu Y., and Yutaka, T., "Coal/$CO_2$ Gasification System Using Molten Carbonate Salt for Solar/Fossil Energy Hybridization," Energy Fuels, 13, 961-964 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef980144n
  16. Moulijn, J. A., and Kapteun, F., "Toward a unified theory of reactions of carbon with oxygen-containing molecules," Carbon, 33, 1155-1165 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(95)00070-T
  17. Ratnasamy, C., and Wagner, J. P., "Water Gas Shift Catalysis," Taylor & Francis Group, UK, 2009, pp. 325-341.
  18. Li, L., Zhao, N., Wei, W., and Sun, Y., "A review of research progress on $CO_2$ capture, storage, and utilization in Chinese Academy of Sciences," Fuel, 108, 112-130 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.022
  19. Ye, D. P., Agnew, J. B., and Zhang, D. K., "Gasification of a South Australian low rank coal with carbon dioxide and steam: kinetics and reactivity studies," Fuel, 77, 1209-1219 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00014-3
  20. Beamish, B. B., Shaw, K. J., Rodgers, K. A., and Newman, J., "Thermo-gravimetric determination of the carbon dioxide reactivity of char from some New Zealand coals and its association with the inorganic geochemistry of the parent coal," Fuel Process. Technol., 53, 243-253 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00073-8
  21. Taylor, H. S., and Neville, H. A., "Catalysis in the interaction of carbon with steam and with carbon dioxide," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 43, 2055-2071 (1921). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01442a009
  22. Roberts, D. G., and Harris, D. J., "Char gasification in mixtures of $CO_2\;and\;H_2O$ : Competition and inhibition," Fuel, 86, 2672-2678 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.03.019
  23. Takayuki, T., Yasukatsu T., and Akira, T., "Reactivities of 34 coals under steam gasification," Fuel, 64, 1438-1442 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(85)90347-3
  24. Yoshiyuki, N., "Catalytic gasification of coals-Features and possibilities," Fuel, 29, 31-42 (1991).
  25. Kim, J. H., and Son, E. K., "Study on air pollution reduction technologies of clean gas fuel(2)," KIER-982217, 1998.
  26. Duan, L., Zhao, C., Zhou, Wu., Qu, C., and Chen, X., "Investigation on Coal Pyrolysis in $CO_2$ Atmosphere," Energy Fuels, 23, 3826-3830 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9002473
  27. Samaras, P., Diamadopoulos, E., and Sakellaropoulos, G. P., "The effect of mineral matter and pyrolysis conditions on the gasification of Greek lignite by carbon dioxide," Fuel, 75, 1108-1114 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00058-0
  28. Walker, P. L., "Structure of coals and their conversion to gaseous fuels," Fuel, 60, 801-802 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(81)90141-1
  29. Li, C., "Some recent advances in the understanding of the pyrolysis and gasification behavior of Victorian brown coal," Fuel, 86, 1664-1683 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.01.008
  30. Lothar K., and Horst P., "Reaction of catalysts with mineral matter during coal gasification," Fuel, 62, 205-208 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(83)90199-0
  31. Fidel C., and Jonathan P. M., "Constitution of Illinois No. 6 Argonne Premium Coal: A review," Energy Fuels, 25, 845-853 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef1015846
  32. Wu, S., Gu, J., Zhang, X., Wu, Y., and Gao, J., "Variation of Carbon Crystalline Structures and $CO_2$ Gasification Reactivity of Shenfu Coal Chars at Elevated Temperatures," Energy Fuels, 22, 199-206 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700371r
  33. Plante, P., Roy, C., and Chornet, E., "$CO_2$ gasification of wood charcoals derived from vacuum and atmospheric pyrolysis," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 66, 307-312 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450660219
  34. Peralta, D., Paterson, N., Dugwell, D., and Kandiyoti, R., "Pyrolysis and $CO_2$ Gasification on Chinese Coals in a High-Pressure Wire-Mesh Reactor under Conditions Relevant to Entrained-Flow Gasification," Energy Fuels, 19, 532-537 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef049762w

Cited by

  1. Steam Gasification of Thermally Extracted Ash-Free Coals: Reactivity Effects Due to Parent Raw Coals and Extraction Solvents vol.31, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01502