The Journal of the Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회논문지)

The Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Differences in Adolescent Athletes' Perceived Autonomy-Support Coaching Behaviors and Social Behaviors by Gender and Sport Career

청소년 운동선수의 성별과 경력에 따른 지각된 코칭행동과 사회적 행동의 차이

  • 이경선 (용인대학교 교육대학원)
  • Received : 2013.08.12
  • Accepted : 2013.08.30
  • Published : 2013.09.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated whether adolescents' perception s of coaching behavior and social behaviors differ by gender and sport career, and examined the relationships among these variables. Subjects were 740 high school athletes (516 males, 224 females). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and 2(gender)${\times}3$(sport career) MANOVA. Results of MANOVA indicated that the interaction between gender and sport career significantly influenced to the level of prosocial behaviors on opponents. Male athletes perceived their coaches' behaviors more controlled and showed higher antisocial behaviors to opponents than female athletes. Athletes with low sport career reported higher antisocial behaviors on opponents than those with high careers. Autonomy-supportive coaching behaviors were positively associated with prosocial behaviors, but negatively related with antisocial behaviors. Controlled coaching behaviors were positively associated with antisocial behaviors.

이 연구는 고교 운동선수의 성별과 운동경력에 따라 지각된 코칭행동과 사회적 행동에 대한 차이와 이들 변인 간의 관계성을 알아보았다. 연구대상은 고교 선수 740명(남자선수=516명, 여자선수=224명)이었다. 자료는 기술통계, 2(성별)${\times}3$(운동경력) 다변량분석 및 상관분석을 통해 처리되었다. 다변량분석의 결과 운동경력이 낮은 여자선수가 상대팀 선수에 대한 친사회적 행동 수준이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 남자선수가 여자선수보다 코치의 행동을 더 통제적으로 지각하고, 팀동료와 상대팀 선수에 대해 더 높은 반사회적 행동을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 운동경력이 3년 이하인 선수가 운동경력이 높은 선수들보다 팀동료에 대한 반사회적 행동 수준이 더 높았다. 자율성 지지 코칭행동은 친사회적 행동과 정적으로 반사회적 행동과는 부적으로 관련이 있으며, 통제적 코칭행동은 반사회적 행동과 정적 관계를 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. A. J. Amorose and D. Anderson-Butcher, "Autonomy-supportive coaching and selfdetermined motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory," Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Vol.8, pp.654-670, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.11.003
  2. G. A. Mageau and R. J. Vallerand, "The coach-athlete relationship: A motivational model," Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.21, pp.883-904, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140374
  3. T. K. Scanlan, G. L. Stein, and K. Ravizza, "An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: Sources of stress," Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.13, pp.103-120, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.2.103
  4. D. Gould, Intensive sort participation and prepubescent athletes: Competitive stress and burnout, Human Kinetics, 1993.
  5. J. Sundgot-Borgen and M. K. Torstveit, "Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population," Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, Vol.14, pp.25-32, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200401000-00005
  6. I. D. Boardley and M. Kavussanu, "The influence of social variables and moral disengagement on prosocial and antisocial behaviours in field hockey and netball," Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.27, pp.843-854. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410902887283
  7. P. Chelladurai and S. D. Saleh, "Dimensions of leader behavior in sports: Development of a leadership scale," Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol.2, pp.34-35, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.2.1.34
  8. R. E. Smith, F. L. Smoll, and B. Hunt, "A system for the behavioral assessment of athletic coaches," The Research Quarterly, Vol.48, pp.401-407, 1977.
  9. A. J. Amorose and T. S. Horn, "Intrinsic motivation: Relationships with collegiate athletes' gender, scholarship status, and perceptions of their coaches behaviour," Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Vol.22, pp.63-84, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.22.1.63
  10. J. Cote, J. Yardely, J. Hay, W. Sedgwick, and J. Baker, "An exploratory examination of the coaching behavior scale for sport," Avante, Vol.5, pp.82-92, 1999.
  11. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum.
  12. R. J. Vallerand and G. F. Losier, "An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport," Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, Vol.11, pp.142-169, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209908402956
  13. G. A. Mageau and R. J. Vallerand, "The coachathlete relationship: A motivational model," Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.21, pp.883-904, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140374
  14. K. J. Bartholomew, N. Ntoumanis, and C. Thogersen-Ntoumani, "The controlling interpersonal style in a coaching context: Development and initial validation of a psychometric scale," Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Vol.32, pp.193-216, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.2.193
  15. C. M. Blanchard, C. E. Amiot, S. Perreault, R. J. Vallerand, and P. Provencher, "Cohesiveness, coach's interpersonal style and psychological needs: Their effects on self-determination and athletes' subjective well-being," Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Vol.10, pp.307-321, 2009.
  16. L. G. Pelletier, M. S. Fortier, R. J. Vallerand, and N. M. Brière, "Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence: A prospective study," Motivation and Emotion, Vol.25, pp.279-306, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014805132406
  17. 김기형, 박중길, "대학 운동선수의 지각된 자율성 지지와 기본욕구 및 동기적 성향간의 구조모 형 검증", 한국스포츠심리학회지, 제20권, 제3호, pp.33-48, 2009.
  18. S. P. Cumming, J. C. Eisemann, F. L. Smoll, R. E. Smith, and R. M. Malina, "Body size and perceptions of coaching behaviors by adolescent female athletes," Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Vol.6, pp.693-705, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.01.002
  19. N. Weinstein and R. M. Ryan, "When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and the recipient," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.98, pp.222-244, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016984
  20. L. Sage, M. Kavussanu, and J. L. Duda, "Goal orientations and moral identity as predictors of prosocial and antisocial functioning in male association football players," Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.24, pp.455-466, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500244531
  21. I. D. Boardley and M. Kavussanu, "The influence of social variables and moral disengagement on prosocial and antisocial behaviours in field hockey and netball," Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol.27, pp.843-854. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410902887283
  22. K. Hodge and C. Lonsdale, "Prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport: The role of coaching style, autonomous vs. controlled motivation, and moral disengagement," Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.33, pp.527-547, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.4.527
  23. M. Kavussanu and I. D. Boarddley, "The prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale," Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.31, pp.97-117, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.97
  24. 김선욱, 양명환, "태권도와 축구선수들의 성취목표성향이 반사회적 행동에 미치는 영향: 도덕적 이탈의 매개효과 분석", 한국체육학회지, 제52권, 제1호, pp.163-174, 2013.
  25. 유정인, 최만식, "청소년팀 스포츠 선수의 지각된 자율성지지와 심리적 욕구 및 운동 행동 간의 구조적 관계", 한국코칭능력개발지, 제13권, 제3호, pp.3-14, 2011.
  26. 이 철, 송용관, "코치의 자율성지지, 성취목표 동기유형과 기본 심리적 요구와의 관계", 한국체육학회지, 제50권, 제3호, pp.275-286, 2011.
  27. 양명환, 김덕진, "운동선수들이 지각하는 코칭행동과 운동동기와의 관계: 기본 심리적 욕구만족의 매개효과", 한국스포츠심리학회지, 제21권, 제3호, pp.217-231, 2010.
  28. 성창훈, "청소년 운동선수의 지각된 코칭행동과 스포츠 경험지각 및 내적동기 요소간의 관계", 한국체육학회지, 제38권, 제3호, pp.244-259, 1999.
  29. 성창훈, "청소년 운동선수의 리더십 지각(I): 코칭행동의 지각과 선호성", 한국스포츠심리학회지, 제11권, 제1호, pp.55-74, 2000.
  30. K. J. Bartholomew, N. Ntoumanis, and C. Thogersen -Ntoumani, "A review of controlling motivational strategies from a selfdetermination theory perspective; Implications for sports coaches," International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Vol.2, pp.215-233, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840903235330
  31. K. Hodge and C. Lonsdale, "Prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport: The role of coaching style, autonomous vs. controlled motivation, and moral disengagement," Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.33, pp.527-547, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.4.527
  32. M. Nicolas, P. Gaudreau, and V. Franche, "Perception of coaching behaviors, coping, and achievement in a sport competition," Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.33, pp.460-468, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.3.460
  33. 김기형, 박중길, "대학 운동선수의 지각된 자율성 지지와 기본욕구 및 동기적 성향간의 구조모형 검증", 한국스포츠심리학회지, 제20권, 제3호, pp.33-48, 2009.
  34. A. J. Amorose and D. Anderson-Butcher, "Autonomy-supportive coaching and selfdetermined motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory," Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Vol.8, pp.654-670, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.11.003
  35. 김승재, 박중길, "운동선수의 성, 나이, 운동경력에 따른 탈진의 차이 및 정서와의 관계", 2012 한국체육학회 국제학술대회 자료집, p.122, 2012.
  36. J. Stebbings, I. M. Taylor, and C. M. Spray, "Antecedents of perceived autonomy supportive and controlling behaviors: Coach psychological need satisfaction and well-being," Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.33, pp.252-272, 2011.
  37. 박중길, 김경원, "고교 운동선수의 사회적 행동 수준과 도덕적 이탈과의 관계", 전국체전기념 한국체육학회 학술대회 자료집, p.176, 2012.
  38. M. Kavussanu and I. D. Boarddley, "The prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport scale," Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, Vol.31, pp.97-117, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.97
  39. Gagné, M. (2003). The role of autonomy support and autonomy orientation in prosocial behavior engagement. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025007614869
  40. 황옥철, 박중길(2012). 청소년 운동선수의 열정과 지각된 코치-선수 관계가 공격적 성향에 미치는 영향. 한국체육학회지, 51(5), 279-292.
  41. Ryan, M. K., Williams, J. M., & Wirner, B. (1990). Athletic aggression: Perceived legitimacy and behavioral intentions in girls' high school basketball. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.1.48
  42. 천승현, 송용관(2012). 통제적 코칭행동 척도 개발 및 타당화 검증. 한국스포츠심리학회지, 23(1), 111- 123.
  43. Donahue, E. G., Miquelon, P., Valois, P., Goulet, C., & Vallerand, R. J. (2006). A motivational model of performance-enhancing substance use in elite athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28, 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.4.511
  44. 김정묵, "학생운동선수들의 자기관리와 스포츠 대처의 관계", 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제10권, 제12호, pp.397-405, 2010.
  45. 김홍설, "운동선수의 자기관리 및 정신력이 경기력에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제10권, 제8호, pp.391-397, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2010.10.8.392