KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)

Korean Society for Internet Information (한국인터넷정보학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Novel Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for VQ-Compressed Images Using Index Set Construction Strategy

  • Qin, Chuan (School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology) ;
  • Chang, Chin-Chen (Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University) ;
  • Chen, Yen-Chang (Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University)
  • Received : 2013.05.03
  • Accepted : 2013.07.31
  • Published : 2013.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel reversible data hiding scheme in the index tables of the vector quantization (VQ) compressed images based on index set construction strategy. On the sender side, three index sets are constructed, in which the first set and the second set include the indices with greater and less occurrence numbers in the given VQ index table, respectively. The index values in the index table belonging to the second set are added with prefixes from the third set to eliminate the collision with the two derived mapping sets of the first set, and this operation of adding prefixes has data hiding capability additionally. The main data embedding procedure can be achieved easily by mapping the index values in the first set to the corresponding values in the two derived mapping sets. The same three index sets reconstructed on the receiver side ensure the correctness of secret data extraction and the lossless recovery of index table. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Keywords

References

  1. F. A. P. Petitcolas, R. J. Anderson and M. G. Kuhn, "Information hiding - a survey," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 1062-1078, 1999.
  2. Z. C. Ni, Y. Q. Shi, N. Ansari and W. Su, "Reversible data hiding," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 354-362, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2006.869964
  3. J. Tian, "Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 890-896, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2003.815962
  4. S. W Weng, S. C. Chu, N. Cai and R. X. Zhan, "Invariability of mean value based reversible watermarking," Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 90-98, 2013.
  5. A. M. Alattar, "Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1147-1156, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2004.828418
  6. C. C. Chang, C. C. Lin, C. S. Tseng and W. L. Tai, "Reversible hiding in DCT-based compressed images," Information Sciences, vol. 177, no. 13, pp. 2768-2786, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2007.02.019
  7. X. P. Zhang, "Reversible data hiding in encrypted image," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 255-258, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2011.2114651
  8. W. L. Tai, C. M. Yeh and C. C. Chang, "Reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of pixel differences," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 906-910, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2017409
  9. C. F. Lee, H. L. Chen and H. K. Tso, "Embedding capacity raising in reversible data hiding based on prediction of difference expansion," Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 1864-1872, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.05.078
  10. W. Hong and T. S. Chen, "Reversible data embedding for high quality images using interpolation and reference pixel distribution mechanism," Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 131-140, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2010.11.004
  11. C. Qin, C. C. Chang and L. T. Liao, "An adaptive prediction-error expansion oriented reversible information hiding scheme," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 33, no. 16, pp. 2166-2172, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2012.08.004
  12. N. M. Nasrabadi and R. King, "Image coding using vector quantization: a review," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 957-971, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.3776
  13. C. C. Chang and W. C. Wu, "Fast planar-oriented ripple search algorithm for hyperspace VQ codebook," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1538-1547, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2007.894256
  14. C. H. Lin and C. Y. Yang, "Multipurpose watermarking based on blind vector quantization (BVQ)," Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 236-246, 2011.
  15. A. Gersho and R. M. Gray, Vector Quantization and Signal Compression. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 1992.
  16. W. J. Wang, C. T. Huang and S. J. Wang, "VQ applications in steganographic data hiding upon multimedia images," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 5, no. 4, 528-537, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2011.2165603
  17. Y. C. Hu, "High-capacity image hiding scheme based on vector quantization," Pattern Recognition, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1715-1724, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2006.02.005
  18. W. C. Du and W. J. Hsu, "Adaptive data hiding based on VQ compressed images," IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image and Signal Processing, vol. 150, no. 4, pp. 233-238, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-vis:20030525
  19. C. C. Chang and W. C. Wu, "Hiding secret data adaptively in vector quantisation index tables," IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image and Signal Processing, vol. 153, no. 5, pp. 589-597, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-vis:20050153
  20. C. C. Chang, W. C. Wu and Y. C. Hu, "Lossless recovery of a VQ index table with embedded secret data," Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 207-216, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2006.11.005
  21. C. C. Lin, S. C. Chen and N. L. Hsueh, "Adaptive embedding techniques for VQ-compressed images," Information Sciences, vol. 179, no. 1, pp. 140-149, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2008.09.001
  22. C. C. Chang, T. D. Kieu and Y. C. Chou, "Reversible information hiding for VQ indices based on locally adaptive coding," Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 57-64, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2008.08.005
  23. C. H. Yang and Y. C. Lin, "Reversible data hiding of a VQ index table based on referred counts," Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 399-407, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2009.04.001
  24. C. H. Yang and Y. C. Lin, "Fractal curves to improve the reversible data embedding for VQ-indexes based on locally adaptive coding," Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 334-342, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2010.02.008
  25. C. H. Hsieh and J. C. Tsai, "Lossless compression of VQ index with search-order coding," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 1579-1582, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1109/83.541428
  26. C. C. Lee, W. H. Ku and S. Y. Huang, "A new steganographic scheme based on vector quantisation and search-order coding," IET Image Processing, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 243-248, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2008.0251
  27. S. C. Shie and S. D. Lin, "Data hiding based on compressed VQ indices of images," Computer Standards Interfaces, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1143-1149, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2008.12.003
  28. C. C. Chang, W. L. Tai and C. C. Lin, "A reversible data hiding scheme based on side match vector quantization," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1301-1308, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2006.882380
  29. C. C. Chen and C. C. Chang, "High capacity SMVQ-based hiding scheme using adaptive index," Signal Processing, vol. 90, no. 7, pp. 2141-2149, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2010.01.018
  30. S. C. Shie and J. H. Jiang, "Reversible and high-payload image steganographic scheme based on side-match vector quantization," Signal Processing, vol. 92, no. 9, pp. 2332-2338, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2012.02.023
  31. C. F. Lee, H. L. Chen and S. H. Lai, "An adaptive data hiding scheme with high embedding capacity and visual image quality based on SMVQ prediction through classification codebooks," Image and Vision Computing, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1293-1302, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2010.01.006
  32. L. S. Chen and J. C. Lin, "Steganography scheme based on side match vector quantization," Optical Engineering, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 0370081-0370087, 2010.

Cited by

  1. An Image Retrieving Scheme Using Salient Features and Annotation Watermarking vol.8, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2014.01.013
  2. Lossless VQ Indices Compression Based on the High Correlation of Adjacent Image Blocks vol.8, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2014.08.020
  3. A Generalized Image Interpolation-based Reversible Data Hiding Scheme with High Embedding Capacity and Image Quality vol.8, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2014.09.019
  4. Multi-Bit Data Hiding Scheme for Compressing Secret Messages vol.5, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/app5041033