Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) in Lanzhou, China

  • Cong, Wei (State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Huang, Si-Yang (State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Zhou, Dong-Hui (State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Zhang, Xiao-Xuan (State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Zhang, Nian-Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Zhao, Quan (College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhu, Xing-Quan (State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)
  • Received : 2013.01.14
  • Accepted : 2013.03.20
  • Published : 2013.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in birds has epidemiological significance because birds are indeed considered as a good indicator of environmental contamination by T. gondii oocysts. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii in 313 house sparrows in Lanzhou, northwestern China was assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were positive in 39 (12.46%) of 313 samples (MAT titer ${\geq}$ 1:5). Tissues of heart, brain, and lung from the 39 seropositive house sparrows were tested for T. gondii DNA, 11 of which were found to be positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by PCR amplification. These positive DNA samples were typed at 9 genetic markers, including 8 nuclear loci, i.e., SAG1, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8 and an apicoplast locus Apico. Of them, 4 isolates were genotyped with complete data for all loci, and 2 genotypes (Type II variants; ToxoDB #3 and a new genotype) were identified. These results showed that there is a potential risk for human infection with T. gondii in this region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in house sparrows in China.

Keywords

References

  1. Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 2010; 46-48.
  2. Lee SE, Hong SH, Lee SH, Jeong YI, Lim SJ, Kwon OW, Kim SH, You YS, Cho SH, Lee WJ. Detection of ocular Toxoplasma gondii infection in chronic irregular recurrent uveitis by PCR. Korean J Parasitol 2012; 50: 229-231. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.229
  3. Yang Z, Cho PY, Ahn SK, Ahn HJ, Kim TS, Chong CK, Hong SJ, Cha SH, Nam HW. A surge in the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among the residents of islands in Gangwha-gun, Incheon, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2012; 50: 191-197. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.191
  4. Robert-Gangneux F, Darde ML. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25: 264-296. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.05013-11
  5. Gondim LS, Abe-Sandes K, Uzeda RS, Silva MS, Santos SL, Mota RA, Vilela SM, Gondim LF. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in sparrows (Passer domesticus) in the Northeast of Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2010; 168: 121-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.055
  6. Dubey JP, Graham DH, Blackston CR, Lehmann T, Gennari SM, Ragozo AM, Nishi SM, Shen SK, Kwok OC, Hill DE, Thulliez P. Biological and genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Sao Paulo, Brazil: unexpected findings. Int J Parasitol 2002; 32: 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00364-2
  7. Darde ML, Bouteille B, Pestre-Alexandre M. Isoenzyme analysis of 35 Toxoplasma gondii isolates and the biological and epidemiological implications. J Parasitol 1992; 78: 786-794. https://doi.org/10.2307/3283305
  8. Howe DK, Sibley LD. Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 1561-1566. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/172.6.1561
  9. Ajzenberg D, Banuls AL, Tibayrenc M, Darde ML. Microsatellite analysis of Toxoplasma gondii shows considerable polymorphism structured into two main clonal groups. Int J Parasitol 2002; 32: 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00301-0
  10. Dubey JP, Sundar N, Gennari SM, Minervino AH, Farias NA, Ruas JL, dos Santos TR, Cavalcante GT, Kwok OC, Su C. Biologic and genetic comparison of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from the northern Para state and the southern state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil revealed highly diverse and distinct parasite populations. Vet Parasitol 2007; 143: 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.08.024
  11. Dubey JP, Cortes-Vecino JA, Vargas-Duarte JJ, Sundar N, Velmurugan GV, Bandini LM, Polo LJ, Zambrano L, Mora LE, Kwok OC, Smith T, Su C. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from Colombia, South America and genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates. Vet Parasitol 2007; 145: 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.001
  12. Dubey JP, Sundar N, Hill D, Velmurugan GV, Bandini LA, Kwok OC, Majumdar D, Su C. High prevalence and abundant atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from lambs destined for human consumption in the USA. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38: 999-1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.11.012
  13. Khan A, Dubey JP, Su C, Ajioka JW, Rosenthal BM, Sibley LD. Genetic analyses of atypical Toxoplasma gondii strains reveal a fourth clonal lineage in North America. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41: 645-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.01.005
  14. Dubey JP, Zhu XQ, Sundar N, Zhang H, Kwok OC, Su C. Genetic and biologic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates of cats from China. Vet Parasitol 2007; 145: 352-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.016
  15. Zhou P, Nie H, Zhang LX, Wang HY, Yin CC, Su C, Zhu XQ, Zhao JL. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs in China. J Parasitol 2010; 96: 1027-1029. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2465.1
  16. Zhou P, Sun XT, Yin CC, Yang JF, Yuan ZG, Yan HK, Zhu XQ, Zou FC. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from pigs in southwestern China. J Parasitol 2011; 97: 1193-1195. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2851.1
  17. Zhou P, Zhang H, Lin RQ, Zhang DL, Song HQ, Su C, Zhu XQ. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from China. Parasitol Int 2009; 58: 193-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2009.01.006
  18. Huang SY, Cong W, Zhou P, Zhou DH, Wu SM, Xu MJ, Zou FC, Song HQ, Zhu XQ. First report of genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from wild birds in China. J Parasitol 2012; 98: 681-682. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3038.1
  19. Wu SM, Zhu XQ, Zhou DH, Fu BQ, Chen J, Yang JF, Song HQ, Weng YB, Ye DH. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in household and stray cats in Lanzhou, northwest China. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-214
  20. Wu SM, Huang SY, Fu BQ, Liu GY, Chen JX, Chen MX, Yuan ZG, Zhou DH, Weng YB, Zhu XQ, Ye DH. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Lanzhou, Northwest China. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4: 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-64
  21. Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): prevalence, clinical disease, diagnosis and public health significance. Zoonoses Public Health 2010; 57: 60-73.
  22. Hill DE, Chirukandoth S, Dubey JP, Lunney JK, Gamble HR. Comparison of detection methods for Toxoplasma gondii in naturally and experimentally infected swine. Vet Parasitol 2006; 141: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.05.008
  23. Su C, Shwab EK, Zhou P, Zhu XQ, Dubey JP. Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology 2010; 137: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009991065
  24. Lopes AP, Sargo R, Rodrigues M, Cardoso L. High seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in wild animals from Portugal. Parasitol Res 2011; 108: 1163-1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2158-6
  25. Dubey JP, Patitucci AN, Su C, Sundar N, Kwok OC, Shen SK. Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in free-range chickens from Chile, South America. Vet Parasitol 2006; 140: 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.023
  26. Dubey JP, Rajapakse RP, Wijesundera RR, Sundar N, Velmurugan GV, Kwok OC, Su C. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from Sri Lanka and genetic characterization of the parasite isolates. Vet Parasitol 2007; 146: 341-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.009
  27. Prestrud KW, Asbakk K, Mork T, Fuglei E, Tryland M, Su C. Direct high-resolution genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the remote arctic Svalbard archipelago reveals widespread clonal Type II lineage. Vet Parasitol 2008; 158: 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.08.020
  28. Chen ZW, Gao JM, Huo XX, Wang L, Yu L, Halm-Lai F, Xu YH, Song WJ, Hide G, Shen JL, Lun ZR. Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from cats in different geographic regions of China. Vet Parasitol 2011; 183: 166-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.06.013

Cited by

  1. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs from different localities in China by PCR-RFLP vol.6, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-227
  2. Seroprevalence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in three species of pet birds in China vol.7, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-152
  3. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from cats in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China vol.7, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-178
  4. Prevalence of Antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in Black-headed Gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus), Dianchi Lake, China vol.50, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7589/2014-01-016
  5. First Report of Genotyping ofToxoplasma gondiiin Free-LivingMicrotus fortisin Northeastern China vol.100, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1645/13-381.1
  6. Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Pet Dogs in Central China vol.53, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.125
  7. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Farmed Minks ( Neovison vison ) in Northern China by PCR-RFLP vol.11, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165308
  8. Seroprevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from pigs intended for human consumption in Liaoning province, northeastern China vol.9, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1525-2
  9. Sixty Years (1957–2017) of Research on Toxoplasmosis in China—An Overview vol.8, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01825
  10. Molecular Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Birds in Hunan Province, China vol.19, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2018.2371
  11. Seroprevalence and risk assessment of Toxoplasma gondii in Java sparrows ( Lonchura oryzivora ) in China vol.15, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1888-7
  12. Epidemiologic significance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in turkeys, ducks, ratites and other wild birds: 2009-2020 vol.148, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001961