Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine

The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine (대한생식의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance in healthy women and women with premenstrual syndrome: a comparative study

  • Zarei, Safar (Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Mosalanejad, Leili (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Ghobadifar, Mohamed Amin (Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences)
  • Received : 2013.03.30
  • Accepted : 2013.05.24
  • Published : 2013.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: To compare the blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance during the two phases of the menstrual cycle between healthy women and patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: From January of 2011 to the August of 2012, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among students in the School of Medicine of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. We included 30 students with the most severe symptoms of PMS and 30 age frequency-matched healthy controls. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance by using the glucose oxidase method, radioimmunometric assay, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance equation, respectively. Results: No significant differences between the demographic data of the control and PMS groups were observed. The mean concentrations of glucose of the two study groups were significantly different during the follicular and luteal phases (p=0.011 vs. p<0.0001, respectively). The amounts of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the two study groups were significantly different in the luteal phase (p=0.0005). Conclusion: The level of blood glucose and insulin resistance was lower during the two phases of the menstrual cycle of the PMS group than that of the controls.

Keywords

References

  1. Helmerhorst FM, Lopez LM, Kaptein AA. Premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 2008;372:446.
  2. Steiner M, Pearlstein T. Premenstrual dysphoria and the serotonin system: pathophysiology and treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61 Suppl 12:17-21.
  3. Cross GB, Marley J, Miles H, Willson K. Changes in nutrient intake during the menstrual cycle of overweight women with premenstrual syndrome. Br J Nutr 2001;85:475-82. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2000283
  4. Bryant M, Truesdale KP, Dye L. Modest changes in dietary intake across the menstrual cycle: implications for food intake research. Br J Nutr 2006;96:888-94.
  5. Shimizu H. Alteration in hypothalamic monoamine metabolism of freely moving diabetic rat. Neurosci Lett 1991;131:225-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(91)90619-5
  6. Teff KL, Young SN. Effects of carbohydrate and protein administration on rat tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine: differential effects on the brain, intestine, pineal, and pancreas. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1988;66:683-8. https://doi.org/10.1139/y88-108
  7. Dye L, Blundell JE. Menstrual cycle and appetite control: implications for weight regulation. Hum Reprod 1997;12:1142-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/12.6.1142
  8. Roca CA, Schmidt PJ, Altemus M, Deuster P, Danaceau MA, Putnam K, et al. Differential menstrual cycle regulation of hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis in women with premenstrual syndrome and controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:3057-63. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021570
  9. Freeman EW, DeRubeis RJ, Rickels K. Reliability and validity of a daily diary for premenstrual syndrome. Psychiatry Res 1996;65: 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(96)02929-0
  10. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883
  11. Trout KK, Basel-Brown L, Rickels MR, Schutta MH, Petrova M, Freeman EW, et al. Insulin sensitivity, food intake, and cravings with premenstrual syndrome: a pilot study. J Womens Health 2008; 17:657-65. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.0594
  12. Bertone-Johnson ER, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Johnson SR, Manson JE. Adiposity and the development of premenstrual syndrome. J Womens Health 2010;19:1955-62. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2128
  13. Trout KK, Rickels MR, Schutta MH, Petrova M, Freeman EW, Tkacs NC, et al. Menstrual cycle effects on insulin sensitivity in women with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetes Technol Ther 2007; 9:176-82. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2006.0004
  14. Duncan AC, Lyall H, Roberts RN, Petrie JR, Perera MJ, Monaghan S, et al. The effect of estradiol and a combined estradiol/progestagen preparation on insulin sensitivity in healthy postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2402-7. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.7.5836
  15. Best JD, Kahn SE, Ader M, Watanabe RM, Ni TC, Bergman RN. Role of glucose effectiveness in the determination of glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1018-30. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.19.9.1018
  16. Edelman SV, Laakso M, Wallace P, Brechtel G, Olefsky JM, Baron AD. Kinetics of insulin-mediated and non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake in humans. Diabetes 1990;39:955-64. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.39.8.955
  17. Horton TJ, Miller EK, Glueck D, Tench K. No effect of menstrual cycle phase on glucose kinetics and fuel oxidation during moderate- intensity exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 282:E752-62. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00238.2001
  18. Wismann J, Willoughby D. Gender differences in carbohydrate metabolism and carbohydrate loading. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2006; 3:28-34.
  19. Escalante Pulido JM, Alpizar Salazar M. Changes in insulin sensitivity, secretion and glucose effectiveness during menstrual cycle. Arch Med Res 1999;30:19-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0188-0128(98)00008-6
  20. Khan KA, Akram J, Fazal M. Hormonal actions of vitamin D and its role beyond just being a vitamin: a review article. Int J Med Sci 2011;3:65-72.
  21. Costrini N, Kalkhoff R. Relative effects of pregnancy, estradiol, and progesterone on plasma insulin and pancreatic islet insulin secretion. J Clin Invest 1971;50:992-9. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106593
  22. Thys-Jacobs S, Starkey P, Bernstein D, Tian J. Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:444-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70377-1
  23. Kashuba ADM, Nafziger AN. Physiological changes during the menstrual cycle and their effects on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998;34:203-18. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199834030-00003
  24. Bethea CL, Lu NZ, Gundlah C, Streicher JM. Diverse actions of ovarian steroids in the serotonin neural system. Front Neuroendocrinol 2002;23:41-100. https://doi.org/10.1006/frne.2001.0225
  25. Hiroi R, McDevitt RA, Neumaier JF. Estrogen selectively increases tryptophan hydroxylase-2 mRNA expression in distinct subregions of rat midbrain raphe nucleus: association between gene expression and anxiety behavior in the open field. Biol Psychiatry 2006;60:288-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.019
  26. Pissios P, Maratos-Flier E. More than satiety: central serotonin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Cell Metab 2007;6:345-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2007.10.009
  27. Paulmann N, Grohmann M, Voigt JP, Bert B, Vowinckel J, Bader M, et al. Intracellular serotonin modulates insulin secretion from pancreatic $\beta$-cells by protein serotonylation. PLoS Biol 2009;7: e1000229. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000229
  28. Campbell SE, Febbraio MA. Effect of the ovarian hormones on GLUT4 expression and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002;282:E1139-46. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00184.2001
  29. Valdes CT, Elkind-Hirsch KE. Intravenous glucose tolerance testderived insulin sensitivity changes during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:642-6. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-72-3-642
  30. Widom B, Diamond MP, Simonson DC. Alterations in glucose metabolism during menstrual cycle in women with IDDM. Diabetes Care 1992;15:213-20. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.15.2.213

Cited by

  1. Is catechol-o-methyltransferase gene polymorphism a risk factor in the development of premenstrual syndrome? vol.41, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2014.41.2.62
  2. Comparison of Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles of Women With and Without Premenstrual Syndrome: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study vol.14, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.28422
  3. Nitric oxide-heat shock protein axis in menopausal hot flushes: neglected metabolic issues of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with deranged heat shock response vol.23, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmx020
  4. Blood Glucose Levels at Two Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle: A Study on a Group of Bengali-speaking Hindu Ethnic Populations of West Bengal, India vol.19, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1177/0972558x19835371
  5. Sweetness Perception is not Involved in the Regulation of Blood Glucose after Oral Application of Sucrose and Glucose Solutions in Healthy Male Subjects vol.65, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202000472
  6. “Kambakutaisoto” and Emotional Instability Associated With Premenstrual Syndrome vol.8, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.760958
  7. Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Menstrual Cycle Is Modified by BMI, Fitness, and Physical Activity in NHANES vol.106, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab415