Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Meteorological Conditions and Air Pollution in a Valley City on Bad Visibility Days of the Cold Half Year

한후기 계곡지형 내 도시 시정악화 발생일의 기상 및 대기오염 특성 분석

  • Kang, Jae-Eun (Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University) ;
  • Song, Sang-Keun (Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Yoo-Keun (Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University)
  • 강재은 (부산대학교 지구환경시스템학부) ;
  • 송상근 (제주대학교 해양과학대학 지구해양과학과) ;
  • 김유근 (부산대학교 지구환경시스템학부)
  • Received : 2013.01.16
  • Accepted : 2013.03.12
  • Published : 2013.06.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The characteristics of meteorological conditions and air pollution were investigated in a valley city (Yangsan) on bad visibility days (from 05:00 to 09:00 LST) of the cold half year (November 2008 to April 2009). This analysis was performed using the hourly observed data of meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and 2 m and 10 m temperature) and air pollutants ($NO_2$, $SO_2$, $PM_{10}$, and $O_3$). In addition, visibility data based on visual measurements and a visibility meter were used. The bad visibility days were classified into four types: fog, mist, haze, and the mixture (mist+haze). The results showed that the bad visibility days of the four types in the valley city were observed to be more frequently (about 50% of the total study period (99 days except for missing data)) than (27%) those near coastal metropolitan city (Busan). The misty days (39%) in the valley city were the most dominant followed by the hazy (37%), mixture (14%), and foggy days (10%). The visibility degradation on the misty days in Yangsan was closely related to the combined effect of high-level relative humidity due to the accumulation of water vapor from various sources (e.g. river, stream, and vegetation) and strong inversion due to the development of surface radiative cooling within the valley. On the hazy days, the visibility was mainly reduced by the increase in air pollutant (except for $O_3$) concentrations from the dense emission sources under local conditions of weaker winds from the day before and stronger inversion than the misty days. The concentrations of $NO_2$, $PM_{10}$, and $SO_2$ (up to +36 ppb, $+25{\mu}g/m^3$, and +7 ppb) on the hazy days were a factor of 1.4-2.3 higher than those (+25 ppb, $+14{\mu}g/m^3$, and +3 ppb) on the misty days.

Keywords

References

  1. Anquetin, S., Guilbaud, C., Chollet, J. P., 1999, Thermal valley inversion impact on the dispersion of a passive pollutant in a complex mountainous area, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3953-3959. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00137-5
  2. Bader, D., McKee, T. B., 1992, Mesoscale boundarylayer evolution over complex terrain. part II: Factors controlling nocturnal boundary-layer structure, Mon. Weather Rev., 120(5), 802-816. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0802:MBLEOC>2.0.CO;2
  3. Barr, S., Orgill, M. M., 1989, Influence of external meteorology on nocturnal valley drainage winds, J. Appl. Meteorol., 28(6), 497-517. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1989)028<0497:IOEMON>2.0.CO;2
  4. Choi, H., Kim, J. W., Takahashi, S., 1998, Threedimensional numerical prediction of fog formation over coastal complex terrain, J. of Korean Meteor. Soc., 34(2), 319-335.
  5. Chun, Y., Lim, J. Y., Choi, B. C., 2003, The features of aerosol in Seoul by Asian dust and haze during springtime from 1998 to 2002, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 39(4), 459-474.
  6. Chung, Y. S., Kim, T. K., Chung, J. S., 1992, On relationship of low visibility to air pollution in cities, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 8(1), 1-6.
  7. Chung, Y. S., 1997, On the observations of visibility impairment in the Chongju-Chongwon area, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 33(4), 595-608.
  8. Corsmeier, U., Kossmann, M., Kalthoff, N., Sturman, A., 2006, Temporal evolution of winter smog within a nocturnal boundary layer at Christchurch, New Zealand, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 91, 129-148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0111-5
  9. Goo, T. Y., Hong, G. M., Kim, S. B., Gong, J. U., Kim, M. S., 2008, A case study of aerosol features of Asian dust, fog, clear sky, and cloud at Anmyeon Island in April 2006, Atmosphere, 18(2), 97-109.
  10. Heo, K. Y., Ha, K. J., 2004, Classification of synoptic pattern associated with coastal fog around the Korean peninsula, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 40(5), 541-556.
  11. Jhun, J. G., Lee, E. J., Ryu, S. A., Yoo, S. H., 1998, Characteristics of regional fog occurrence and its relation to concentration of air pollutants in South Korea, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 34(3), 486-496.
  12. Jo, H. Y., Kim, C. H., 2010, Characteristics of East Asia synoptic meteorological conditions in association with haze phenomena, Atmosphere, 20(2), 161-172.
  13. Jo, H. Y., Kim, C. H., 2011, Characteristics of air quality over Korean urban area due to the long-range transport haze events, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 27(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2011.27.1.073
  14. Kim, G. S., 1992, Encyclopedia of meteorology, Hyangmunsa, 735pp.
  15. Korea Expressway Corporation, 2011, http://www.ex.co.kr/portal/index.jsp.
  16. Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), 2002, Training guide in surface weather observations, KMA, 121-150pp.
  17. Lee, C., Chang, K. H., Cha, J. W., Jung, J. W., Jeong, J. Y., Yang, H. Y., Seo, S. K., Bae J. Y., Kang, S. Y., Choi, Y. J., Cho, H., Choi, C. Y., 2010, Estimation for the economic benefit of weather modification (Precipitation enhancement and fog dissipation), Atmosphere, 20(2), 187-194.
  18. Lee, Y. O., Chung, Y. S., 1994a, On the low visibility and air pollution observed in Taegu: I. Low visibility, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 30(1), 21-26.
  19. Lee, Y. O., Chung, Y. S., 1994b, On the low visibility and air pollution observed in Taegu: II. Air pollution, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 30(1), 27-34.
  20. Leem, H. H., Lee H. W., Lee S. H., 2005, The analysis of the characteristics of the fog generated at the Incheon Int'l airport, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 41(6), 1111-1123.
  21. Lim, J. Y., Chun, Y., Cho, K. M., Lee, S. S., Shin, H. J., 2004, The meteorological, physical, and chemical characteristics of aerosol during haze event in May 2003, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 20(5), 697-711.
  22. Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., 2007, The atmosphere : an introduction to meteorology, 10th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 520pp.
  23. Min, K. D., 1976, A study on the occurrences of fog along the Seoul-Busan express way, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 12(1), 14-24.
  24. Oh, H. S., Yoon, S. C., 1996, Characteristics of air pollutions and meteorological fields affecting the visibility impairment in Seoul, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 32(1), 131-138.
  25. Oh, I. B., Kim, Y. K., 2002, Surface ozone in the major cities of Korea : Trends, diurnal and seasonal variations, and horizontal distributions, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 18(4), 253-264.
  26. Savov, P. B., Skakalova, T. S., Kolev, I. N., 2002, Lidar investigation of the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosols in mountain valleys, J. Appl. Meteorol., 41, 528-541. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0528:LIOTTA>2.0.CO;2
  27. Seo, E. J., Lee, H. J., Seo, J. W., Nam, J. C., 2002, A survey on characteristics of fog at Yangyang international airport, Atmosphere, 12(1), 512-515.
  28. Seo, J. W., Nam, J. C., Kim, Y. C., 2001, Characteristics of fog events occurred in Yeongjongdo, Atmosphere, 11(1), 300-303.
  29. Whiteman, C. D., 2000, Mountain Meteorology - Fundamentals and applications, New York Oxford, Oxford University Press, 221-236pp.
  30. Yangsan city, 2009, A study on characteristics of air pollution and atmospheric environment improvement program in Yangsan, Yangsan, 363pp.
  31. Yoon, M. B., Chung, Y. S., 1995, Characteristics of fog and mist observed in the rural area of Chongju and Chongwon, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 12(1), 15-21.