Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Plant Herb Combination Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibility in Beef Cattle

  • Wanapat, M. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Kang, S. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Khejornsart, P. (Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Wanapat, S. (Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University)
  • Received : 2013.01.06
  • Accepted : 2013.03.27
  • Published : 2013.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Four rumen-fistulated crossbred beef cattle (Brahman native) were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design experiment to be fed plant herb supplements in their concentrate mixture. The treatments were: without herb supplementation (Control), lemongrass meal supplementation at 100 g/d (L), lemongrass meal supplementation at 100 g/d plus peppermint powder at 10 g/d (LP), and lemongrass meal supplementation at 100 g/d plus peppermint powder at 10 g/d with garlic powder 40 g/d (LPG), respectively. Based on the present study, the DMI and apparent digestibility of DM, OM, aNDF and ADF were not affected by dietary herb supplementation while CP digestibility tended to be decreased by herb supplement. Moreover, $NH_3$-N and BUN were decreased in all herb supplemented treatments and there was a tendency to an increase in ruminal pH in all herb supplemented groups. While there was no change in TVFA and C4 among lemongrass treatments, C2 was decreased in all herb supplemented treatments while C3 was increased. Methane production by calculation was the lowest in the LP and LPG groups. Population sizes of bacteria and protozoa were decreased in all herb supplemented groups, but not fungal zoospores. In all supplemented groups, total viable and proteolytic bacteria were decreased, while amylolytic and cellulolytic bacteria were similar. More importantly, in all herb supplemented groups, there were higher N balances, while there was no difference among treatments on purine derivative (PD) excretion or microbial N. Based on the results above, it could be concluded that there was no negative effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics and nutrient utilization by plant herb supplement, but protozoal population and $CH_4$ production were reduced. Thus, lemongrass alone or in combination with peppermint and garlic powder could be used as feed additives to improve rumen fermentation efficiency.

Keywords

References

  1. Agarwal, N., C. Shekhar, R. Kumar, L. C. Chaudhary, and D. N. Kamra. 2009. Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed with buffalo rumen liquor. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 148:321-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.04.004
  2. Ando, S., T. Nishida, M. Ishida, K. Hosoda, and E. Bayaru. 2003. Effect of peppermint feeding on the digestibility, ruminal fermentation and protozoa. Livest. Prod. Sci. 82:245-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(03)00012-5
  3. AOAC. 1995. Official method of analysis, 16th ed. Animal Feeds: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. pp. 1-18.
  4. Bampidis, V. A., V. Christodoulou, E. Christaki, P. Florou-Paneri, and A. B. Spais. 2005. Effect of dietary garlic bulb and garlic husk supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 121:273-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.003
  5. Benchaar, C., H. V. Petit, R. Berthiaume, D. R. Ouellet, J. Chiquette, and P. Y. Chouinard. 2007. Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 90:886-897. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71572-2
  6. Bryant, M. P. 1974. Nutritional features and ecology of predominant anaerobic bacteria of the intestinal tract. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27:1313-1319.
  7. Busquet, M., S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret, and C. Kamel. 2006. Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 89:761-771. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72137-3
  8. Busquet, M., S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret, M. D. Carro, and C. Kamel. 2005. Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds on rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 88:4393-4404. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73126-X
  9. Cardozo, P. W., S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret, and C. Kamel. 2004. Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci. 82:3230-3236.
  10. Cardozo, P. W., S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret, and C. Kamel. 2005. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2572-2579.
  11. Castillejos, L., S. Calsamiglia, and A. Ferret. 2006. Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. J. Dairy Sci. 89:2649-2658. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72341-4
  12. Chen, X. B., and M. J. Gomes. 1995. Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivative-an overview of the technique details. Occasional publication, 1992. International feed resources unit, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK.
  13. Chen, X. B., D. J. Kyle, and E. R. Orskov. 1993. Measurement of allantoin in urine and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. J. Chromatogr. 617:241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(93)80494-O
  14. Chi, M. S., E. T. Koh, and T. J. Steward. 1982. Effects of garlic on lipid metabolism in rats fed cholesterol or lard. J. Nutr. 112: 241-248.
  15. Crocker, C. L. 1967. Rapid determination of urea nitrogen in serum or plasma without deproteinization. Am. J. Med. Technol. 33:361-365.
  16. Davidson, P. M., and A. S. Naidu. 2000. Phyto-phenols. Pages 265-293 in Natural Food Antimicrobial Systems. A. S. Naidu, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  17. Erdman, R. A., G. H. Proctor, and J. H. Vandersall. 1986. Effect of rumen ammonia concentration on in situ rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs. J. Dairy Sci. 69:2312-2320. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(86)80670-1
  18. Firkins, J. L., Z. Yu, and M. Morrison. 2007. Ruminal nitrogen metabolism: perspectives for integration of microbiology and nutrition for dairy. J. Dairy Sci. 90 (E. Suppl.):E1-E16. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-518
  19. Galyean, M. 1989. Laboratory procedure in animal nutrition research, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Cig, NY, USA.
  20. Greathead, H. 2003. Plant and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 62:279-290. https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2002197
  21. Hobson, P. N. 1969. Continuous culture of some anaerobic and facutatively anaerobic rumen bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 38: 80-167.
  22. Hosoda, K., H. Matsuyama, W. Y. Park, T. Nishida, and M. Ishida. 2006. Supplementary effect of peppermint (Mentha${\times}$piperita) on dry matter intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and milk production in early lactating dairy cows. Anim. Sci. J. 77: 503-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00378.x
  23. Hosoda, K., T. Nishida, W. Y. Park, and B. Eruden. 2005. Influence of Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and energy metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1721-1726. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1721
  24. Hungate, R. E. 1969. A roll tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes. In: Method in Microbiology (Ed. J. R. Norris, and D. W. Ribbons). Academic Publishers, New York, NY, USA, pp. 313.
  25. Javaid, A., M. Mahr-un-Nisa, M. Sarwar, and M. A. Shahzad. 2008. Ruminal characteristics, blood pH, blood urea nitrogen and nitrogen balance in Nili ravi buffalo (Bubalus bulalis) bulls fed diets containing various levels of ruminally degradable protein. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 21:51-58. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70025
  26. Kearl, L. C. 1982. Nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries, 1st ed. International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
  27. Kongmun, P., M. Wanapat, P. Pakdee, and C. Navanukraw. 2010. Effect of coconut oil and garlic powder on in vitro fermentation using gas production technique. Livest. Sci. 127:38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.008
  28. Kongmun, P., M. Wanapat, P. Pakdee, C. Navanukraw, and Z. Yu. 2011. Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation. Livest. Sci. 135:84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.131
  29. Lewis, D. 1957. Blood urea concentration in relation to protein utilization in the ruminant. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 48:438-446. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600032962
  30. Mapato, C., M. Wanapat, and A. Cherdthong. 2010. Effect of urea treatment of straw and dietary level of vegetable oil on lactating dairy cows. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42:1635-1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9613-3
  31. Mcdonald, P., R. A. Edwards, J. E. D. Greenhalgh, and C. A. Morgan. 1995. In: Animal Nutrition 5th ed. Perntice Hall, USA, p. 693.
  32. McEwan, N. R., R. C. Graham, R. J. Wallace, R. Losa, P. Williams, and C. J. Newbold. 2002. Effect of essential oils on ammonia production by rumen microbes. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42(Suppl.1):S65. (Abstr.) https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:2002007
  33. McGuffey, R. K., L. F. Richardson, and J. I. D. Wilkinson. 2001. Ionophore for dairy cattle: current status and future outlook. J. Dairy Sci. 84:E194-E203. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)70218-4
  34. McIntosh, F. M., C. J. Newbold, R. Losa, P. Williams, and R. J. Wallace. 2000. Effects of essential oils on rumen fermentation. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40:221-222. (Abstr.)
  35. Mehra, U. R., M. Y. Khan, M. Lal, Q. Z. Hasan, and A. Das. 2006. Effect of sources of supplementary protein on intake, digestion and efficiency of energy utilization in buffalos fed wheat straw based diets. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 19:638-644. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.638
  36. Molero, R., M. Ibars, S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret, and R. Losa. 2004. Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on dry matter and crude protein degradability in heifers fed diets with different forage to concentrate ratios. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 114:91-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.11.011
  37. Moss, A. R., J. P. Jouany, and J. Newbold. 2000. Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming. J. Ann. Zootech. 49:231-253. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2000119
  38. Newbold, C. J., F. M. McIntosh, P. Williams, R. Losa, and R. J. Wallace. 2004. Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 114:105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.12.006
  39. Nikaido, H. 1994. Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets: Permeability barriers and active efflux. Science 264:382-388. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8153625
  40. Orskov, E. R., N. A. MacLeod, and Y. Nakashima. 1991. Effect of different volatile fatty acids mixtures on energy metabolism in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3389-3397.
  41. Owens, F. N., and R. Zinn. 1988. Protein metabolism of ruminant animals. Pages 227-249 in The Ruminant Animal Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. D. C. Church, ed. Waveland Press Inc., Prospect Heights, IL.
  42. Patra, A. K., D. N. Kamra, and N. Agarwal. 2006. Effect of spices on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and protozoa counts in in vitro gas production test. Int. Congr. Ser. 1293:176-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2006.01.025
  43. Pimpa, O., S. Ruengsuwan, and B. Pimpa. 2009. Protein requirements for maintenance and growing of Thai southern native cattle: practical feeding trial on farm of South-Thailand. In: Establishment of a Feeding Standard of Beef Cattle and a Feed Database for the Indochiness Peninsula (Ed. S. Oshio, M. Otsuka, and K. Sommart). JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, pp. 86-89.
  44. Preston, R. L., D. D. Schnakanberg, and W. H. Pfander. 1965. Protein utilization in ruminants. I. Blood urea nitrogen as affected by protein intake. J. Nutr. 86:281-288.
  45. Russell, J. B., and A. J. Houlihan. 2003. Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27:65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00019-6
  46. Samuel, M., S. Sagathewan, J. Thomas, and G. Mathen. 1997. An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acids of ruminal fluid. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 67:805-811.
  47. SAS. 1996. User's Guide: Statistic, Version 6. 12th Edition. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  48. Shin, S. H. and M. K. Kim. 2004. Effect of dried powders or ethanol extracts of garlic flesh and peel on lipid metabolism and antithrombogenic capacity in 16-month-old rats. Korean J. Nutr. 37:515-524.
  49. Tatara, M. R., E. Sliwa, K. Dudek, A. Gawron, and T. Piersiak. 2008. Aged garlic extract and allicin improve performance and gastrointestinal tract development of piglets reared in artificial sow. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 15:63-69.
  50. Ultee, A., E. P. W. Kets, and E. J. Smid. 1999. Mechanism of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:4606-4610.
  51. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis.1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch carbohydrates in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  52. Wallace, R. J., L. Athaud, and C. J. Newbold. 1994. Influence of Yucca shidigera extract on rumen ammonia concentrations and ruminal microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1762-1767.
  53. Wallace, R. J., N. R. McEwan, F. M. McIntosh, B. Teferedegne, and C. J. Newbold. 2002. Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:1458-1468. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.1458
  54. Wanapat, M., and O. Pimpa. 1999. Effect of ruminant $NH_3$-N levels on ruminal fermentation, purine derivative, digestibility and rice straw intake in swamp buffalo. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 12:904-907. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.904
  55. Wanapat, M., A. Cherdthong, P. Pakdee, and S. Wanapat. 2008a. Manipulation of rumen ecology by dietary lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) powder supplementation. J. Anim. Sci. 86:3497-3503. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0885
  56. Wanapat, M., P. Khejornsart, P. Parkdee, and S. Wanapat. 2008b. Effect of supplementation of garlic powder on rumen ecology and digestibility of nutrients in ruminants. J. Sci. Food Agric. 88:2231-2237. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3333
  57. Wanapat, M., S. Polyorach, K. Boonnop, C. Mapato and A. Cherdthong. 2009. Effects of treating rice straw with urea or urea and calcium hydroxide upon intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and milk yield of dairy cows. Livest. Sci. 125: 238-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.05.001
  58. Weisbjerg, M. R., T. Hvelplund, S. Hellberg, S. Olsson, and S. Same. 1996. Effective rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of individual amino acids in different concentrates determined in situ. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 62:179-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(96)00970-4
  59. Yang, W. Z., C. Benchaar, B. N. Ametaj, A. V. Chaves, M. L. He, and T. A. McAllister. 2007. Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation, site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90:5671-5681. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0369

Cited by

  1. Ruminal Transcriptomic Analysis of Grass-Fed and Grain-Fed Angus Beef Cattle vol.10, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116437
  2. Effects of Supplementation of Eucalyptus (E. Camaldulensis) Leaf Meal on Feed Intake and Rumen Fermentation Efficiency in Swamp Buffaloes vol.28, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0878
  3. Heavy Metals in Suburban Ecosystems of Industrial Centres and Ways of their Reduction vol.35, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0016
  4. Feed degradability, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in response to essential oil addition to fistulated non-lactating dairy cow diets vol.88, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12778
  5. Beneficial Effects of Garlic in Livestock and Poultry Nutrition: A Review pp.2249-7218, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-018-0390-y
  6. Influence of Nigella sativa seeds, Rosmarinus officinalis leaves and their combination on growth performance, immune response and rumen metabolism in Dorper lambs vol.50, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1525-7
  7. Effect of Garlic Extract and Organic Mineral Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Milk Yield of Lactating Dairy Cows vol.10, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3923/ajas.2016.213.218
  8. Effect of Punica granatum and Tecomella undulata supplementation on nutrient utilization, enteric methane emission and growth performance of Murrah male buffaloes vol.28, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/109237/2019
  9. Effect of Biological Extract Supplementation on Milk Yield and Rumen Fermentation in Dairy Cows vol.15, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijds.2020.88.98
  10. The use of plant by-products as non-conventional feedstuff for livestock feeding with reference to rumen methanogenesis vol.94, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-019-00426-z
  11. Effects of Three Herbs on Methane Emissions from Beef Cattle vol.10, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091671
  12. Role of Caraway, Fennel and Melissa Addition on Productive Performance of Lactating Frisian Cows vol.23, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2020.1380.1389
  13. Effect of mixture of herbal plants on ruminal fermentation, degradability and gas production vol.43, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48549
  14. Physiological status naturally infected gastrointestinal goats in response to polyherbal supplementation and Melastoma malabathricum extract vol.694, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/694/1/012063
  15. In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions vol.7, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030166