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The Status of Home-Based Hospice Care in Korea

국내 가정 호스피스 운영 실태

  • 박재순 (가톨릭대학교 간호대학) ;
  • 윤수진 (모현 호스피스센터 간호팀) ;
  • 정연 (경동대학교 간호학과)
  • Received : 2013.02.18
  • Accepted : 2013.04.12
  • Published : 2013.06.01

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate how home-based hospice care is provided in Korea. Methods: From July 2011 through August 2011, 29 hospice facilities that provide home-based hospice care were surveyed using a questionnaire. Items included in the questionnaire were general characteristics of the organization, staff members, service programs, difficulties. Results: Among the surveyed, hospice care was hospital-based for 11 (37.9%) facilities, hospital-independent center-based care for four (13.8%) and home-based care only for 10 (34.5%). Near half the participants were located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Caregivers included nurses for 62.1% of the participants, volunteers 62.0%, pastors 44.8%, social workers 37.9%, coordinators 31.0% and doctors 31.0%. The facilities offered service programs such as family counseling (96.6%), transfer to other facilities (93.1%), psychological support (89.7%), bereavement support (86.2%), dying care (79.3%), clinical care (75.9%) and spiritual support (75.9%). The major obstacles were financial issues (24.1%), lack of trained staff (20.7%) and staff members' lack of awareness of home-based hospice care (13.8%). Conclusion: In Korea, home-based hospice care is provided by an insufficient number of facilities. Moreover, the service providers are experiencing difficulties such as lack of trained staff, insufficient financial resource and staff's lack of awareness of home-based hospice care. It is necessary to increase the number of home-based hospice care facilities with consideration of even distribution across regions and standard staffing and service programs and develop related insurance policies.

목적: 본 연구는 우리나라의 가정 호스피스 기관의 서비스 실태와 문제점을 파악함으로써 가정 호스피스의 개념을 재정립하고, 가정 호스피스의 표준 설정과 제도화, 다양한 호스피스 유형들의 연계 체계 구축의 기초자료로 활용하고자 시도되었다. 방법: 2011년 5월을 기준으로 확인된 호스피스 기관 166개 중 의학적 돌봄을 포함하는 가정 호스피스를 운영한다고 응답한 29개 기관 전수의 질문지가 자료 분석에 사용되었다. 결과: 대상 기관 중 호스피스 입원 병실이 있는 경우는 51.7%, 순수 가정형은 34.5%이었다. 팀 구성원은 간호사와 자원봉사자가 각각 62.0%, 62.1%, 팀 구성원의 방문은 간호사와 자원봉사자가 각각 평균 8.84회와 6.0회, 팀 회의는 월평균 2.65회, 비용은 대부분 무료로, 필요한 재원을 마련하는 방법에는 개인의 기부가 가장 많았다. 하루 평균 방문 환자 수는 평균 2.46명, 비암성 환자는 6.9%의 기관만이 돌보고 있었다. 58.6% 기관에서 협력의뢰를 위한 공식적인 체계를 구축하고 있었으며, 방문 범위는 44.8%에서 거리나 시간에 제한을 두고 있었다. 제공되는 서비스는 가족 상담과 서비스 연계가 가장 많았고, 가정 호스피스 의뢰방법은 환자 및 가족의 직접 의뢰가 51.7%로 가장 많았다. 대부분은 서비스 제공을 위한 기본 의료장비 및 물품을 갖추고 있는 반면 특수 장비는 부족하였다. 호스피스 전용병상이 있는 경우는 대부분 정부 및 공공기관의 후원으로 이루어지고 서비스 측면에서는 팀 회의, 통증조절, 증상조절이 잘 이루어지고 있었다. 기관운영 장애요인으로는 재정문제, 인력부족, 호스피스 인식 부족의 순위를 보였으며, 이를 위해 가장 먼저 해결해야 할 과제로는 '수가제도화'라고 주장하였다. 결론: 현재 우리나라의 가정 호스피스는 호스피스 본연의 목적을 달성하기에는 많은 제한이 있으므로 빠른 제도화와 서비스 표준 확립이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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