Korean Circulation Journal

The Korean Society of Cardiology (대한심장학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Early Statin Treatment in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction

  • Sim, Doo Sun (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jeong, Myung Ho (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Kyung Hoon (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ahn, Youngkeun (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Young Jo (Department of Cardiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chae, Shung Chull (Department of Cardiology, Kyungpuk National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Hong, Taek Jong (Department of Cardiology, Busan National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seong, In Whan (Department of Cardiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chae, Jei Keon (Department of Cardiology, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Chong Jin (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Myeong Chan (Department of Cardiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Rha, Seung-Woon (Department of Cardiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital) ;
  • Bae, Jang Ho (Department of Cardiology, Konyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seung, Ki Bae (Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Seung Jung (Department of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center) ;
  • Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) Investigators, Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) Investigators (Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) Investigators)
  • Published : 2013.02.28
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The benefit of early statin treatment following acute myocardial infarction (MI) complicated with cardiogenic shock (CS) has not been well studied. We sought to assess the effect of early statin therapy in patients with CS complicating acute MI. Subjects and Methods: We studied 553 statin-$na\ddot{i}ve$ patients with acute MI and CS (Killip class IV) who underwent revascularization therapy between November 2005 and January 2008 at 51 hospitals in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received statins during hospitalization (n=280) and those who did not (n=273). The influence of statin treatment on a 12-month clinical outcome was examined using a matched-pairs analysis (n=200 in each group) based on the propensity for receiving statin therapy during hospitalization. Results: Before adjustment, patients receiving statin, compared to those not receiving statin, had a more favorable clinical profile, were less likely to suffer procedural complications, and more likely to receive adequate medical therapy. Patients receiving statin had lower unadjusted in-hospital mortality and composite rate of mortality, MI, and repeat revascularization at 12 months, which remained significantly lower after adjustment for patient risk, procedural characteristics, and treatment propensity. Conclusion: In CS patients with acute MI undergoing revascularization therapy, early statin treatment initiated during hospitalization was associated with lower rates of in-hospital death and 12-month adverse cardiac events.

Keywords

References

  1. Krumholz HM, Anderson JL, Bachelder BL, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 performance measures for adults with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (Writing Committee to develop performance measures for ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction): developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American College of Emergency Physicians: endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Hospital Medicine. Circulation 2008;118:2596-648. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191099
  2. Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee. Circulation 2008;117:296-329. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188209
  3. Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2011;32:2999-3054. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr236
  4. Wright RS, Anderson JL, Adams CD, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/ Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2011;123:2022-60. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820f2f3e
  5. Goldberg RJ, Spencer FA, Gore JM, Lessard D, Yarzebski J. Thirty-year trends (1975 to 2005) in the magnitude of, management of, and hospital death rates associated with cardiogenic shock in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a population-based perspective. Circulation 2009;119:1211-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.814947
  6. TRIUMPH Investigators, Alexander JH, Reynolds HR, et al. Effect of tilarginine acetate in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock: the TRIUMPH randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007; 297:1657-66. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.15.joc70035
  7. Sim DS, Kim JH, Jeong MH. Differences in Clinical Outcomes Between Patients With ST-Elevation Versus Non-ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea. Korean Circ J 2009;39:297-303. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2009.39.8.297
  8. Sim DS, Jeong MH, Kang JC. Current management of acute myocardial infarction: experience from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. J Cardiol 2010;56:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2010.04.002
  9. D'Agostino RB Jr. Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group. Stat Med 1998;17:2265-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2265::AID-SIM918>3.0.CO;2-B
  10. Joffe MM, Rosenbaum PR. Invited commentary: propensity scores. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:327-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010011
  11. Gu XS, Rosenbaum PR. Comparison of Multivariate Matching Methods: Structures, Distances, and Algorithms. J Comput Graph Stat 1993;2: 405-20.
  12. Arntz HR, Agrawal R, Wunderlich W, et al. Beneficial effects of pravastatin (+/-colestyramine/niacin) initiated immediately after a coronary event (the randomized Lipid-Coronary Artery Disease [L-CAD] Study). Am J Cardiol 2000;86:1293-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01230-3
  13. Aronow HD, Novaro GM, Lauer MS, et al. In-hospital initiation of lipidlowering therapy after coronary intervention as a predictor of longterm utilization: a propensity analysis. Arch Intern Med 2003;163: 2576-82. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.21.2576
  14. Fonarow GC, Wright RS, Spencer FA, et al. Effect of statin use within the first 24 hours of admission for acute myocardial infarction on early morbidity and mortality. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:611-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.04.029
  15. Muhlestein JB, Horne BD, Bair TL, et al. Usefulness of in-hospital prescription of statin agents after angiographic diagnosis of coronary artery disease in improving continued compliance and reduced mortality. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:257-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01354-0
  16. Li YH, Wu HL, Yang YH, Tsai HS, Chao TH. Effect of early versus late inhospital initiation of statin therapy on the clinical outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Int Heart J 2007;48:677-88. https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.48.677
  17. Kim MC, Ahn Y, Cho KH, et al. Early statin therapy within 48 hours decreased one-year major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int Heart J 2011;52:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.52.1
  18. Spencer FA, Allegrone J, Goldberg RJ, et al. Association of statin therapy with outcomes of acute coronary syndromes: the GRACE study. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:857-66. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00006
  19. Garot P, Bendaoud N, Lefevre T, Morice MC. Favourable effect of statin therapy on early survival benefit at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction and shock. Euro-Intervention 2010;6:350-5.
  20. Schmidt H, Hennen R, Keller A, et al. Association of statin therapy and increased survival in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:1248-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-006-0246-y
  21. Pruefer D, Makowski J, Schnell M, et al. Simvastatin inhibits inflammatory properties of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. Circulation 2002; 106:2104-10. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000034048.38910.91
  22. Tracey KJ. The inflammatory reflex. Nature 2002;420:853-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01321
  23. Schmidt H, Muller-Werdan U, Hoffmann T, et al. Autonomic dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of different age groups. Crit Care Med 2005;33:1994-2002. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000178181.91250.99
  24. Schmidt H, Hoyer D, Hennen R, et al. Autonomic dysfunction predicts both 1- and 2-month mortality in middle-aged patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Crit Care Med 2008;36:967-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0B013E3181653263
  25. Merx MW, Liehn EA, Janssens U, et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin profoundly improves survival in a murine model of sepsis. Circulation 2004;109:2560-5. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000129774.09737.5B
  26. Merx MW, Liehn EA, Graf J, et al. Statin treatment after onset of sepsis in a murine model improves survival. Circulation 2005;112:117-24. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.502195
  27. Almog Y, Shefer A, Novack V, et al. Prior statin therapy is associated with a decreased rate of severe sepsis. Circulation 2004;110:880-5. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000138932.17956.F1
  28. Hackam DG, Mamdani M, Li P, Redelmeier DA. Statins and sepsis in patients with cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort analysis. Lancet 2006;367:413-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68041-0

Cited by

  1. High-dose atorvastatin for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention : vol.16, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.2459/jcm.0000000000000157
  2. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor and statins combination therapeutics - what have we learnt? vol.16, pp.7, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2015.1019464
  3. Recent Update of Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) vol.23, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7793/jcoron.23.001
  4. Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association vol.136, pp.16, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000525
  5. Risk Scoring System for Prognosis Estimation of Multivessel Disease Among Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction vol.60, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.17-337
  6. Development and validation of a novel risk score to predict 5-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction in China: a retrospective study vol.9, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12652