Effects of Temperature and Gibberellin Treatment on Embryo Development and Germination of Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula Seeds

온도 및 지베렐린 처리가 말오줌나무 종자의 배발달 및 발아에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Hyun Jin (Plant Conservation Division, Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Lee, Ki Cheol (Plant Conservation Division, Korea National Arboretum) ;
  • Suh, Gang-Uk (Plant Conservation Division, Korea National Arboretum)
  • 김현진 (국립수목원 산림자원보존과) ;
  • 이기철 (국립수목원 산림자원보존과) ;
  • 서강욱 (국립수목원 산림자원보존과)
  • Published : 2013.06.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine types of seed dormancy in Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula (Nakai) H.I. Lim & C.S. Chang, an endemic tree species of Korea, whose seeds have been considered difficult to germinate. Seeds of S. racemosa subsp. pendula were stratified at 25/15 or $5^{\circ}C$ for 0, 6, or 12 weeks (wks) and incubated at 15/6, 20/10, 25/15, or $30/20^{\circ}C$ (12/12 h) under 14 h photoperiod. To determine the effect of $GA_3$ on seed germination of S. racemosa subsp. pendula, seeds were treated with 0, 500, or 1000 ppm $GA_3$ and then germinated at 25/15 or $5^{\circ}C$. The change in embryo length was investigated at 25/15 or $5^{\circ}C$. Seeds given 12 wks of cold stratification germinated to 33.4% at $15/6^{\circ}C$ and to 25.4% for seeds given 6 wks of warm stratification + 12 wks of cold stratification at $20/10^{\circ}C$. At $25/15^{\circ}C$, seeds given 12 wks of warm stratification + 6 wks of cold stratification germinated to 26.0%, and to 28.2% for seeds given 12 wks of warm stratification + 12 wks of cold stratification at $30/20^{\circ}C$. Warm stratification alone did not germinate seeds throughout the experiment, regardless of the thermoperiod. Linear embryos began to grow after 60 days of incubation at 25/15 or $5^{\circ}C$. The embryo length at day 69 increased from 1.4 mm to 1.50 or 1.62 mm at 25/15 or $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. Embryos of S. racemosa subsp. pendula seeds grew better at $5^{\circ}C$ than at $25/15^{\circ}C$. Gibberellin was effective to break seed dormancy of S. racemosa subsp. pendula. Seeds treated with 500 ppm $GA_3$ germinated up to 40.0% at $25/15^{\circ}C$ and to 62.7% for those treated with 100 ppm $GA_3$ at $5^{\circ}C$. With these results, seeds of S. racemosa subsp. pendula have both nondeep complex and intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy.

본 연구는 우리나라 특산 수종으로 종자 발아가 어려운 말오줌나무 종자의 휴면유형을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 말오줌나무 종자를 $25/15^{\circ}C$$5^{\circ}C$에서 습윤상태로 각각 0, 6, 12주 처리한 후, 15/6, 20/10, $25/15^{\circ}C$와 30/$20^{\circ}C$에서 14시간 광조건으로 발아실험을 진행하였다. $GA_3$가 종자에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 0, 100, 500, 1000 ppm 을 처리하여 각각 $25/15^{\circ}C$$5^{\circ}C$에서 발아시켰다. 또한 $25/15^{\circ}C$$5^{\circ}C$에서 종자의 배발달 변화를 관찰하였다. 말오줌나무 종자는 $15/6^{\circ}C$에서 12주 저온 층적처리($5^{\circ}C$)가 33.4%, $20/10^{\circ}C$에서는 6주 고온 층적처리($25/15^{\circ}C$) + 12주 저온 층적처리가 25.4%로 발아하였다. $25/15^{\circ}C$에서 말오줌나무 종자는 12주 고온 층적처리 + 6주 저온 층적처리가 26.0%, 30/$20^{\circ}C$에서 12주 고온 층적처리+ 12주 저온 층적처리에서 28.2% 발아하였다. 반면 고온 층적처리 0, 6 또는 12주 처리에서는 모든 온도조건에서 발아하지 않았다. 선형의 배는 $25/15^{\circ}C$$5^{\circ}C$에서 배양 약 60일부터 신장되기 시작하였으며, 배양 69일째 배의 길이는 1.4 mm에서 각각 약 1.50, 1.62 mm로 증가하여, $25/15^{\circ}C$에서보다 $5^{\circ}C$에서 더욱 촉진되었다. $GA_3$는 말오줌나무 종자의 휴면을 효과적으로 타파하였다. $25/15^{\circ}C$에서 $GA_3$ 500 ppm 처리구가 40.0%의 발아율을 나타냈으며, $5^{\circ}C$에서는 $GA_3$ 100 ppm에서 62.7% 발아하였다. 이상의 결과로 말오줌나무 종자는 nondeep complex morphophysiological dormancy(MPD)와 intermediate complex MPD의 휴면유형을 모두 가지고 있다고 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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