Korean Journal of Radiology

The Korean Society of Radiology (대한영상의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Establishment of a Protocol for Determining Gastrointestinal Transit Time in Mice Using Barium and Radiopaque Markers

  • Myagmarjalbuu, Bolormaa (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Moon, Myeong Ju (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Heo, Suk Hee (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Jeong, Seo In (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Park, Jong-Seong (Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Jun, Jae Yeoul (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University) ;
  • Jeong, Yong Yeon (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Kang, Heoung Keun (Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School)
  • Published : 2013.02.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish a minimally invasive and reproducible protocol for estimating the gastrointestinal (GI) transit time in mice using barium and radiopaque markers. Materials and Methods: Twenty 5- to 6-week-old Balb/C female mice weighing 19-21 g were used. The animals were divided into three groups: two groups that received loperamide and a control group. The control group (n = 10) animals were administered physiological saline (1.5 mL/kg) orally. The loperamide group I (n = 10) and group II (n = 10) animals were administered 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg loperamide orally, respectively. Thirty minutes after receiving the saline or loperamide, the mice was administered 80 ${\mu}L$ of barium solution and six iron balls (0.5 mm) via the mouth and the upper esophagus by gavage, respectively. Afterwards, the mice were continuously monitored with fluoroscopic imaging in order to evaluate the swallowing of the barium solution and markers. Serial fluoroscopic images were obtained at 5- or 10-min intervals until all markers had been excreted from the anal canal. For analysis, the GI transit times were subdivided into intestinal transit times (ITTs) and colon transit times (CTTs). Results: The mean ITT was significantly longer in the loperamide groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mean ITT in loperamide group II (174.5 ${\pm}$ 32.3) was significantly longer than in loperamide group I (133.2 ${\pm}$ 24.2 minute) (p < 0.05). The mean CTT was significantly longer in loperamide group II than in the control group (p < 0.05). Also, no animal succumbed to death after the experimental procedure. Conclusion: The protocol for our study using radiopaque markers and barium is reproducible and minimally invasive in determining the GI transit time of the mouse model.

Keywords

References

  1. Parkman, HP, Orr, WC,The gastrointestinal motility laboratory, Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am, 19, 1, 171-184(2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2008.12.005
  2. Merwid-Lad, A, Trocha, M, Ksiadzyna, D, Sozanski, T, Szelag, A,Animals models for the gastrointestinal motility evaluation, Gastroenterol Pol, 16, 2, 201-206(2009)
  3. Lester, NV, Roberts, GD, Newell, SM, Graham, JP, Hartless, CS,Assessment of barium impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) as a measure of solid-phase gastric emptying in normal dogs--comparison to scintigraphy, Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 40, 3, 465-471(1999) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb00376.x
  4. Weber, M, Stambouli, F, Martin, L, Dumon, H, Biourge, V, Nguyen, P,Gastrointestinal transit of solid radiopaque markers in large and giant breed growing dogs, J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 85, 4, 242-250(2001) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00325.x
  5. Chandler, ML, Guilford, G, Lawoko, CR,Radiopaque markers to evaluate gastric emptying and small intestinal transit time in healthy cats, J Vet Intern Med, 11, 5, 361-364(1997) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00481.x
  6. Haruta, S, Kawai, K, Jinnouchi, S, Ogawara, KI, Higaki, K, Tamura, S,Evaluation of absorption kinetics of orally administered theophylline in rats based on gastrointestinal transit monitoring by gamma scintigraphy, J Pharm Sci, 90, 6, 464-473(2001) https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6017(200104)90:4<464::AID-JPS1004>3.0.CO;2-C
  7. Marona, HR, Lucchesi, MB,Protocol to refine intestinal motility test in mice, Lab Anim, 38, 7, 257-260(2004) https://doi.org/10.1258/002367704323133637
  8. Sparkes, AH, Papasouliotis, K, Barr, FJ, Gruffydd-Jones, TJ,Reference ranges for gastrointestinal transit of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres in healthy cats, J Small Anim Pract, 38, 8, 340-343(1997) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1997.tb03481.x
  9. Campbell, JL, Williams, CV, Eisemann, JH,Characterizing gastrointestinal transit time in four lemur species using barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS), Am J Primatol, 64, 9, 309-321(2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20080
  10. Hinton, JM, Lennard-Jones, JE, Young, AC,A ne method for studying gut transit times using radioopaque markers, Gut, 10, 10, 842-847(1969) https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.10.10.842
  11. Mittelstadt, SW, Hemenway, CL, Spruell, RD,Effects of fasting on evaluation of gastrointestinal transit with charcoal meal, J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods, 52, 11, 154-158(2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2005.04.017
  12. Tan-No, K, Niijima, F, Nakagawasai, O, Sato, T, Satoh, S, Tadano, T,Development of tolerance to the inhibitory effect of loperamide on gastrointestinal transit in mice, Eur J Pharm Sci, 20, 12, 357-363(2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2003.08.004
  13. Ogata, N, Ataka, K, Morino, H, Shibata, T,Effect of wood creosote and loperamide on propulsive motility of mouse colon and small intestine, Pharmacology, 59, 13, 212-220(1999) https://doi.org/10.1159/000028322
  14. Torjman, MC, Joseph, JI, Munsick, C, Morishita, M, Grunwald, Z,Effects of isoflurane on gastrointestinal motility after brief exposure in rats, Int J Pharm, 294, 14, 65-71(2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.12.028
  15. Lee, H, Dellatore, SM, Miller, WM, Messersmith, PB,Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings, Science, 318, 15, 426-430(2007) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1147241
  16. BioForum. Available at: http://www.protocol-online.org/ forums/topic/7182-mouse-liver-anatomy/
  17. Saphier, S, Rosner, A, Brandeis, R, Karton, Y,Gastro intestinal tracking and gastric emptying of solid dosage forms in rats using X-ray imaging, Int J Pharm, 388, 17, 190-195(2010) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.001
  18. Rao, SS, Camilleri, M, Hasler, WL, Maurer, AH, Parkman, HP, Saad, R,Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in clinical practice: position paper of the American and European Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies, Neurogastroenterol Motil, 23, 18, 8-23(2011) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x
  19. Parrish, CR,Opioid analgesics and the gastrointestinal tract, Pract Gastroenterol, 64, 19, 37-50(2008)
  20. Szczesny, G, Veihelmann, A, Massberg, S, Nolte, D, Messmer, K,Long-term anaesthesia using inhalatory isoflurane in different strains of mice-the haemodynamic effects, Lab Anim, 38, 20, 64-69(2004) https://doi.org/10.1258/00236770460734416
  21. Hildebrandt, IJ, Su, H, Weber, WA,Anesthesia and other considerations for in vivo imaging of small animals, ILAR J, 49, 21, 17-26(2008) https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.49.1.17

Cited by

  1. Murine model of Bacillus cereus gastrointestinal infection vol.63, pp.12, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.079939-0
  2. Animal Farm: Considerations in Animal Gastrointestinal Physiology and Relevance to Drug Delivery in Humans vol.104, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24365
  3. X‐ray analysis of gastrointestinal motility in conscious mice. Effects of morphine and comparison with rats vol.28, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12699
  4. Tracking gastrointestinal transit of solids in aged rats as pharmacological models of chronic dysmotility vol.28, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12824
  5. Polaprezinc protects normal intestinal epithelium against exposure to ionizing radiation in mice vol.5, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2016.983
  6. Alterations of colonic function in the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis vol.312, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00210.2016
  7. Fluoroscopic Characterization of Colonic Dysmotility Associated to Opioid and Cannabinoid Agonists in Conscious Rats vol.25, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm18202
  8. Preliminary phytochemical and biological investigations of ethanolic extract of Grewia hirsute Vahl vol.19, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00371-3
  9. Detection of live M. bovis BCG in tissues and IFN-γ responses in European badgers (Meles meles) vaccinated by oropharyngeal instillation or directly in the ileum vol.15, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2166-4
  10. High-Fat Diet Causes Constipation in Mice via Decreasing Colonic Mucus vol.65, pp.8, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05954-3
  11. Meta-Assessment of Metformin Absorption and Disposition Pharmacokinetics in Nine Species vol.14, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14060545