Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Internal pressures in buildings with a dominant opening and background porosity

  • Kim, P.Y. (School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University) ;
  • Ginger, J.D. (School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University)
  • Received : 2011.12.18
  • Accepted : 2012.04.13
  • Published : 2013.01.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A dominant opening in a windward wall, which generates large internal pressures in a building, is a critical structural design criterion. The internal pressure fluctuations are a function of the dominant opening area size, internal volume size and external pressure at the opening. In addition, many buildings have background leakage, which can attenuate internal pressure fluctuations. This study examines internal pressure in buildings for a range of dominant opening areas, internal volume sizes and background porosities. The effects of background porosity are incorporated into the governing equation. The ratio of the background leakage area $A_L$ to dominant opening area $A_W$ is presented in a non-dimensional format through a parameter, ${\phi}_6-A_L/A_W$. Background porosity was found to attenuate the internal pressure fluctuations when ${\phi}_6$ is larger than 0.2. The dominant opening discharge coefficient, ${\kappa}$ was estimated to lie between 0.05 to 0.40 and the effective background porosity discharge coefficient ${\kappa}^{\prime}_L$, was estimated to be between 0.05 to 0.50.

Keywords

References

  1. Ginger, J.D. (2000), "Internal pressures and cladding net wind loads on full-scale low-rise building", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 126(4), 538-543. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:4(538)
  2. Ginger, J.D., Holmes, J.D. and Kim, P.Y. (2010), "Variation of internal pressure with varying sizes of dominant openings and volumes", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 136(10), 1319-1326. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000225
  3. Ginger, J.D., Holmes, J.D. and Kopp, G.A. (2008), "Effect of building volume and opening size on fluctuating internal pressures" , Wind Struct., 11(5), 361-376. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2008.11.5.361
  4. Guha, T.K., Sharma, R.N. and Richards, P.J. (2011a), "Full-scale studies of wind induced internal pressure in a warehouse", Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Wind Engineering, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  5. Guha, T.K., Sharma, R.N. and Richards, P.J. (2011b), "On the internal pressure dynamics of a leaky and flexible low rise building with a dominant opening", Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Wind Engineering, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  6. Guha, T.K., Sharma, R.N. and Richards, P.J. (2009), "The effect of background leakage on wind induced internal pressure fluctuations in a low rise building with a dominant opening", Proceedings of the 11th Americas Conference on Wind Engineering, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
  7. Holmes, J.D. (1979), "Mean and fluctuating internal pressure induced by wind", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wind Engineering, Fort Collins, USA.
  8. Kim, P.Y. and Ginger, J.D. (2012), "Discharge coefficients for a dominant opening in a building", Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Wind Engineering Society Workshop, Sydney, Australia.
  9. Liu, H. (1975), "Wind pressure inside buildings" Proceedings of the 3rd US National Conference on Wind Engineering, Fort Collins, USA.
  10. Liu, H. and Rhee, K.H. (1986), "Helmholtz oscillation in building models", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 24(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(86)90001-2
  11. Liu, H and Saathoff, P. (1981), "Building internal pressure: sudden change", J. Eng. Mech. Div., 107(2), 309-321.
  12. Oh, J.H., Kopp, G.A. and Inculet, D.R. (2007), "The UWO contributions to the NIST aerodynamic database for wind loads and low buildings Part 3: Internal pressures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95(8), 755-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.01.007
  13. Sharma, R.N. and Richards, P.J. (1997), "The effect of roof flexibility on internal pressure fluctuations", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 72, 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00252-3
  14. Shaw, C.Y. (1981), "Airtightness: supermarkets and shopping malls", ASHRAE J., 23, 44-46.
  15. Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand (2011), Structural design actions - Part 2: Wind actions, - AS/NZS 1170.2:2011, Standards Australia International Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia and Standards New Zealand, Wellington, NZ.
  16. Stathopoulos, T. and Luchian, H.D. (1989), "Transient wind induced internal pressures" J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE. 115 (7), 1501-1514. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1989)115:7(1501)
  17. Vickery, B.J. (1986), "Gust factors for internal pressures in low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 23, 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(86)90047-4
  18. Vickery, B.J. (1994), "Internal pressures and interactions with the building envelope" J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 53(1-2), 125-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90022-1
  19. Vickery, B.J. and Bloxham, C. (1992), "Internal pressure dynamics with a dominant opening", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 41(1-3), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90409-4
  20. Woods, A.R. and Blackmore, P.A. (1995), "The effect of dominant openings and porosity on internal pressures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 57(2-3), 167-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(95)00003-A
  21. Yu, S.C., Lou, W.J. and Sun, B.N. (2008), "Wind-induced internal pressure response for structure with single windward opening and background leakage" J. Zhejiang University, 9(3), 313-321.

Cited by

  1. Estimation Method of Loss Coefficient for Wind-Induced Internal Pressure Fluctuations vol.142, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001097
  2. Correlation of internal and external pressures and net pressure factors for cladding design vol.30, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.30.3.219
  3. Wind tunnel study on fluctuating internal pressure of open building induced by tangential flow vol.32, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2021.32.2.105