Smart Structures and Systems

  • 제11권4호
  • /
  • Pages.331-348
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1738-1584(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1738-1991(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Wavelet based multi-step filtering method for bridge health monitoring using GPS and accelerometer

  • Yi, Ting-Hua (School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) ;
  • Li, Hong-Nan (School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology) ;
  • Gu, Ming (State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University)
  • 투고 : 2012.04.19
  • 심사 : 2012.10.22
  • 발행 : 2013.04.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Effective monitoring, reliable data analysis, and rational data interpretations are challenges for engineers who are specialized in bridge health monitoring. This paper demonstrates how to use the Global Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometer data to accurately extract static and quasi-static displacements of the bridge induced by ambient effects. To eliminate the disadvantages of the two separate units, based on the characteristics of the bias terms derived from the GPS and accelerometer respectively, a wavelet based multi-step filtering method by combining the merits of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with the discrete stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is proposed so as to address the GPS deformation monitoring application more efficiently. The field measurements are carried out on an existing suspension bridge under the normal operation without any traffic interference. Experimental results showed that the frequencies and absolute displacements of the bridge can be accurate extracted by the proposed method. The integration of GPS and accelerometer can be used as a reliable tool to characterize the dynamic behavior of large structures such as suspension bridges undergoing environmental loads.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ashkenazi, V. and Roberts, G.W. (1997), "Experimental monitoring of the Humber Bridge using GPS", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, England.
  2. Cantieni, R. (1983), Dynamic load testing of highway bridges, Transportation Research Record 950, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA, 141-148.
  3. Chan, W.S., Xu, Y.L., Ding, X.L., Xiong, Y.L. and Dai W.J. (2006), "Assessment of dynamic measurement accuracy of GPS in three directions", ASCE J. Surv. Eng., 132(3), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2006)132:3(108)
  4. Ge, L.L., Han, S.W., Rizos, C., Ishikawa, Y., Hoshiba, M., Yoshida, Y., Izawa, M., Hashimoto, N. and Himori, S. (2000), "GPS seismometers with up to 20 Hz sampling rate", Earth Planets Space, 52(10), 881-884. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352300
  5. Giraldo, D.F., Song, W., Dyke, S.J. and Caicedo, J.M. (2009), "Modal identification through ambient vibration: comparative study", J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 135(8), 759-770. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:8(759)
  6. GrafNav, NovAtel, Inc., Canada, http:// http://www.novatel.com.
  7. Han, S.W. and Rizos, C. (1997), "Multipath effects on GPS in mine environments", Proceedings of the XthInternational Congress on the International Society for Mine Surveying, Fremantle, Australia.
  8. Henrik, L.J. and Denmark, S.E. (2002), "Analyzing Europe's largest suspension bridge", Proceedings of theFIG XXII International Congress, Washington, USA.
  9. Kashima, S., Yanaka, Y. and Suzuki, S. (2001), "Monitoring the Akashi Kaikyo bridge: First experiences", Struct. Eng. Int., 11(2), 120-123. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686601780347200
  10. Kijewski-Correa, T., Kareem, A. and Kochly, M. (2006), "Experimental verification and full-scale deployment of Global Positioning Systems to monitor the dynamic response of tall buildings", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 132(8), 1242-1253. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:8(1242)
  11. Kijewski-Correa, T. and Kochly, M. (2007), "Monitoring the wind-induced response of tall buildings: GPS performance and the issue of multipath effects", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 95(9-11), 1176-1198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.02.002
  12. Kijewski-correa, T. and Pirnia, J.D. (2007), "Dynamic behavior of tall buildings under wind: insights from full-scale monitoring", Struct. Des. Tall Spec., 16(4), 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.415
  13. Liu, C.C., Sun, T.Y., Tsai, S.J., Yu, Y.H. and Hsieh, S.T. (2011), "Heuristic wavelet shrinkage for denoising", Appl. Soft Comput., 11(1), 256-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2009.11.016
  14. Li, X.J., Ge L.L., Ambikairajah, E., Rizos, C., Tamura, Y. and Yoshida, A. (2006), "Full-scale structural monitoring using an integrated gps and accelerometer system", GPS Solut., 10(4), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-006-0023-y
  15. Li, X.J., Rizos, C., Ge, L.L., Ambikairajah, E., Tamura, Y. and Yoshida, A. (2006), "Building monitors: the complementary characteristics of GPS and accelerometers in monitoring structural deformation", Inside GNSS, 1(2), 40-47.
  16. Mallat, S. (1998), A wavelet tour of signal processing, New York: Academic Press.
  17. MATLAB. (2007), The MathWorks, Inc. Natwick, MA (USA), http://www.mathworks.com.
  18. Meo, M., Zumpano, G., Meng, X.L., Cosser, E., Roberts, G. and Dodson, A. (2006), "Measurements of dynamic properties of a medium span suspension bridge by using the wavelet transforms", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 20(5), 1112-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2004.09.008
  19. Meng, X., Dodson, A.H., and Roberts, G.W. (2007), "Detecting bridge dynamics with GPS and triaxial accelerometers", Eng. Struct., 29(11), 3178-3184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.03.012
  20. Moschas, F. and Stiros, S. (2011), "Measurement of the dynamic displacements and of the modal frequencies of a short-span pedestrian bridge using GPS and an accelerometer", Eng. Struct., 31(1), 10-17.
  21. Nakamura, S. (2000), "GPS measurement of wind-induced suspension bridge girder displacements", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 126(12), 1413-1419. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:12(1413)
  22. Nickitopoulou, A., Protopsalti, K. and Stiros, S. (2006), "Monitoring dynamic and quasi-static deformations of large flexible engineering structures with GPS: Accuracy, limitations and promises", Eng. Struct., 28(10), 1471-1482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.02.001
  23. Psimoulis, P., Pytharouli, S., Karambalis, D. and Stiros, S. (2008), "Potential of Global Positioning System (GPS) to measure frequencies of oscillations of engineering structures", J. Sound Vib., 318(3), 606-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.04.036
  24. Psimoulis P.A. and Stiros S.C. (2012), "A supervised learning computer-based algorithm to derive the amplitude of oscillations of structures using noisy GPS and Robotic Theodolites (RTS) records", Comput. Struct., 92-93, 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.10.019
  25. Roberts, G.W., Cosser, E., Meng, X.L. and Dodson, A. (2004), "High frequency deflection monitoring of bridges by GPS", J. GPS, 3(1-2), 226-231. https://doi.org/10.5081/jgps.3.1.226
  26. Roberts, G.W., Meng, X.L. and Dodson, A.H. (2004), "Integrating a Global Positioning System and accelerometers to monitor the deflection of bridges", J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE, 130(2), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2004)130:2(65)
  27. Schaal, R.E. and Larocca, A.P.C. (2009), "Measuring dynamic oscillations of a small span cable-stayed footbridge: Case study using L1 GPS receivers", J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE, 135(1), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2009)135:1(33)
  28. Smyth, A. and Wu, M.L. (2007), "Multi-rate Kalman filtering for the data fusion of displacement and acceleration response measurements in dynamic system monitoring", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 21(2), 706-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2006.03.005
  29. Sohn, H., Dzwonczyk, M., Straser, E., Kiremidjian, A., Law, K. and Meng T. (1999), "An experimental study of temperature effect on modal parameters of the Alamos Canyon Bridge", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 28(8), 879-897. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199908)28:8<879::AID-EQE845>3.0.CO;2-V
  30. Stiros S.C. (2008), "Errors in velocities and displacements deduced from accelerographs: An approach based on the theory of error propagation", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 28(5), 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.07.004
  31. Tamura, Y., Matsui, M., Pagnini, L.C., Ishibashi R. and Yoshida A. (2002), "Measurement of wind-induced response of buildings using RTK-GPS", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90(12-15), 1783-1793. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00287-8
  32. Wahab, M.A. and Roeck, D.G. (1997), "Effect of temperature on dynamic system parameters of a highway bridge", Struct. Eng. Int., 7(4), 266-70. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686697780494563
  33. Watson, C., Watson, T. and Coleman, R. (2007), "Structural monitoring of cable-stayed bridge: Analysis of GPS versus modeled deflections", J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE, 133(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2007)133:1(23)
  34. Wong, K.Y. (2004), "Instrumentation and health monitoring of cable-supported bridges", Struct. Control Hlth., 11(2), 91-124. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.33
  35. Xu, L., Guo, J.J. and Jiang, J.J. (2002), "Time-frequency analysis of a suspension bridge based on GPS", J. Sound Vib., 254(1), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2001.4087
  36. Xu, Y.L., Chen, B., Ng, C.L., Wong, K.Y. and Chan, W.Y. (2010), "Monitoring temperature effect on a long suspension bridge", Struct. Control Hlth., 17(6), 632-653.
  37. Yi, T.H., Li, H.N. and Gu, M. (2010), "Full scale measurement of dynamic response of a suspension bridge subjected to environmental loads using GPS technology", Sci. China Ser. E-Tech. Sci., 53(2), 469-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-010-0051-2
  38. Yi, T.H., Li, H.N., and Gu, M. (2010), "Recent research and applications of GPS based technology for bridge health monitoring", Sci. China Ser. E-Tech. Sci., 53(10), 2597-2610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-010-4076-3

피인용 문헌

  1. Identification of dynamic displacements and modal frequencies of a medium-span suspension bridge using multimode GNSS processing vol.81, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.010
  2. Study on Typhoon Characteristic Based on Bridge Health Monitoring System vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/204675
  3. Substructural parameters and dynamic loading identification with limited observations vol.15, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.15.1.169
  4. Blind Modal Identification in Frequency Domain Using Independent Component Analysis for High Damping Structures with Classical Damping vol.33, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12303
  5. Multistep and Multiparameter Identification Method for Bridge Cable Systems vol.23, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001145
  6. Study Based on Bridge Health Monitoring System on Multihazard Load Combinations of Earthquake and Truck Loads for Bridge Design in the Southeast Coastal Areas of China vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/829380
  7. Substructural Identification of Flexural Rigidity for Beam-Like Structures vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/726410
  8. Structural Modal Parameter Identification from Forced Vibration with Analytical Mode Decomposition vol.17, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.8.1129
  9. Wavelet-Based Methodology for Evolutionary Spectra Estimation of Nonstationary Typhoon Processes vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/870420
  10. Health Condition Evaluation of Cable-Stayed Bridge Driven by Dissimilarity Measures of Grouped Cable Forces vol.9, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/818967
  11. Feasibility Study on Crack Detection of Pipelines Using Piezoceramic Transducers vol.9, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/631715
  12. Moving-window extended Kalman filter for structural damage detection with unknown process and measurement noises vol.88, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.04.016
  13. Effects of Outlets on Cracking Risk and Integral Stability of Super-High Arch Dams vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/312827
  14. Development of Elasto-Magneto-Electric (EME) Sensor for In-Service Cable Force Monitoring vol.16, pp.04, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455416400162
  15. Evolutionary Spectra Estimation of Field Measurement Typhoon Processes Using Wavelets vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/945203
  16. Piezoelectric impedance based damage detection in truss bridges based on time frequency ARMA model vol.18, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.18.3.501
  17. A State-of-the-Art Review on Fatigue Life Assessment of Steel Bridges vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/956473
  18. Damage assessment of shear connectors with vibration measurements and power spectral density transmissibility vol.54, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.2.257
  19. Long-span bridges: Enhanced data fusion of GPS displacement and deck accelerations vol.147, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.018
  20. Probabilistic Fatigue Assessment Based on Bayesian Learning for Wind-Excited Long-Span Bridges Installed with WASHMS vol.9, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/871368
  21. Parametric identification of a cable-stayed bridge using least square estimation with substructure approach vol.15, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.15.2.425
  22. Locate Damage in Long-Span Bridges Based on Stress Influence Lines and Information Fusion Technique vol.17, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.8.1089
  23. Damage detection of long-span bridges using stress influence lines incorporated control charts vol.57, pp.9, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-014-5623-0
  24. On the damages detection in aluminium beam using Hilbert-Huang transformation vol.6, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-09-2014-0042
  25. Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform in Structural Health Monitoring: A State-of-the-Art Review vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/317954
  26. Study on Wind Characteristics of Runyang Suspension Bridge Based on Long-Term Monitored Data vol.16, pp.04, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455416400198
  27. A Summary Review of Correlations between Temperatures and Vibration Properties of Long-Span Bridges vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/638209
  28. Structural Displacement Measurement Using an Unmanned Aerial System 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12338
  29. Detection of Shifts in GPS Measurements for a Long-Span Bridge Using CUSUM Chart vol.16, pp.04, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455416400241
  30. Evaluation on Impact Interaction between Abutment and Steel Girder Subjected to Nonuniform Seismic Excitation vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/981804
  31. Reliability-based assessment of steel bridge deck using a mesh-insensitive structural stress method vol.16, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.16.2.367
  32. Evolutionary power spectral density analysis on the wind-induced buffeting responses of Sutong Bridge during Typhoon Haikui vol.20, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216660024
  33. Developing Dynamic Digital Image Correlation Technique to Monitor Structural Damage of Old Buildings under External Excitation vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/954840
  34. Reviews on innovations and applications in structural health monitoring for infrastructures vol.1, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2014.1.1.001
  35. Influence of structural parameters on dynamic characteristics and wind-induced buffeting responses of a super-long-span cable-stayed bridge vol.13, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-014-0250-0
  36. Damage Detection on Sudden Stiffness Reduction Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/807620
  37. Usability of inclinometers as a complementary measurement tool in structural monitoring vol.58, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.58.6.1077
  38. Damage Detection for SMC Benchmark Problem: A Subspace-Based Approach vol.16, pp.04, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455416400253
  39. Comfort assessment for a pedestrian passageway suspended under a girder bridge with random traffic flows vol.20, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216660007
  40. Surface flatness and distortion inspection of precast concrete elements using laser scanning technology vol.18, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.18.3.601
  41. Optimal sensor placement for time-domain identification using a wavelet-based genetic algorithm vol.25, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/6/065006
  42. Determination of the natural frequencies of a prestressed cable RC truss floor system 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.08.048
  43. Measurement-Based Vehicle Load Model for Urban Expressway Bridges vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/340896
  44. Structural identification of cable-stayed bridge under back-to-back typhoons by wireless vibration monitoring vol.88, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.03.032
  45. Relevance feature selection of modal frequency-ambient condition pattern recognition in structural health assessment for reinforced concrete buildings vol.8, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814016662228
  46. Monitoring and analysis of long-term prestress losses in post-tensioned concrete beams 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.07.057
  47. An Improved Negative Pressure Wave Method for Natural Gas Pipeline Leak Location Using FBG Based Strain Sensor and Wavelet Transform vol.2013, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/278794
  48. Health monitoring of joint conditions in steel truss bridges with relative displacement sensors vol.88, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.12.009
  49. Condition Assessment on Thermal Effects of a Suspension Bridge Based on SHM Oriented Model and Data vol.2013, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/256816
  50. A Methodology for Multihazards Load Combinations of Earthquake and Heavy Trucks for Bridges vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/126270
  51. Full-Scale Measurements and System Identification on Sutong Cable-Stayed Bridge during Typhoon Fung-Wong vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/936832
  52. Numerical Simulation of Monitoring Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Based on Ultrasonic Guided Waves vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/752494
  53. Deformation monitoring and the maximum number of stable points method vol.70, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.03.034
  54. Real-Time Dry Beach Length Monitoring for Tailings Dams Based on Visual Measurement vol.2013, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/935371
  55. Assessment of acceleration responses of a railway bridge using wavelet analysis vol.21, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-1762-0
  56. Establishment and Application of the Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System for the Runyang Yangtze River Bridge vol.2014, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/421038
  57. A New Wavelet Thresholding Function Based on Hyperbolic Tangent Function vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/528656
  58. Probability Model of Hangzhou Bay Bridge Vehicle Loads Using Weigh-in-Motion Data vol.2015, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/576083
  59. Wireless monitoring of typhoon-induced variation of dynamic characteristics of a cable-stayed bridge vol.20, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.20.2.293
  60. Frequency modification of continuous beam bridge based on co-integration analysis considering the effect of temperature and humidity pp.1741-3168, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921718755573
  61. Peak horizontal vibrations from GPS response spectra in the epicentral areas of the 2016 earthquake in central Italy vol.9, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2018.1445665
  62. Combination of High- and Low-Rate GPS Receivers for Monitoring Wind-Induced Response of Tall Buildings vol.18, pp.12, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124100
  63. Method for Structural Frequency Extraction from GNSS Displacement Monitoring Signals vol.47, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20180087
  64. Quasilinearized Scale-3 Haar wavelets-based algorithm for numerical simulation of fractional dynamical systems vol.35, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1108/EC-09-2017-0347
  65. Elastic period of vibration calculated experimentally in buildings hosting permanent GPS stations vol.17, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-018-0466-5
  66. GPS Performance Assessment of Cable-Stayed Bridge using Wavelet Transform and Monte-Carlo Techniques pp.1976-3808, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0438-3
  67. AMD-Based Random Decrement Technique for Modal Identification of Structures with Close Modes vol.31, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000882
  68. Experimental research on daily deformation monitoring of bridge using BDS/GPS pp.1752-2706, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2018.1481699
  69. Surface Wave-Based Health Monitoring Method for a Sheet Pile Quay Wall vol.14, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414400094
  70. Wireless Sensor Placement for Bridge Health Monitoring Using a Generalized Genetic Algorithm vol.14, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414400112
  71. Crack identification with parametric optimization of entropy & wavelet transformation vol.4, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2017.4.1.033
  72. Numerical studies on the effect of measurement noises on the online parametric identification of a cable-stayed bridge vol.19, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.19.3.259
  73. Dynamic torsional response measurement model using motion capture system vol.19, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.19.6.679
  74. Grouting compactness monitoring of concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge model using piezoceramic-based transducers vol.20, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.20.2.175
  75. Outlier detection of GPS monitoring data using relational analysis and negative selection algorithm vol.20, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.20.2.219
  76. Structural health monitoring data reconstruction of a concrete cable-stayed bridge based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis and support vector machine vol.20, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.20.5.555
  77. Wavelet analysis of soil-structure interaction effects on seismic responses of base-isolated nuclear power plants vol.13, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.6.561
  78. Response evaluation and vibration control of a transmission tower-line system in mountain areas subjected to cable rupture vol.5, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2018.5.1.151
  79. Frequency analysis of GPS data for structural health monitoring observations vol.66, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.66.2.185
  80. Vulnerability to failure of cable-stayed bridges for beyond-design basis wind events vol.91, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.04.038
  81. Non-Target Structural Displacement Measurement Using Reference Frame-Based Deepflow vol.19, pp.13, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132992
  82. Mono-Component Feature Extraction for Condition Assessment in Civil Structures Using Empirical Wavelet Transform vol.19, pp.19, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194280
  83. Assessment of porosity influence on dynamic characteristics of smart heterogeneous magneto-electro-elastic plates vol.72, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.72.1.113
  84. Combining GPS and accelerometers' records to capture torsional response of cylindrical tower vol.25, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.1.111
  85. An innovative approach for conducting experimental modal analysis (EMA) in running harmonic for structural modal identification vol.159, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107795
  86. Pitching effect of a three-mass vehicle model for analyzing vehicle-bridge interaction vol.224, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111248
  87. Cross-Term Suppression Method for Time-Frequency Spectrum of Engineering Blasting Signals vol.50, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20210094
  88. Identifying Modal Parameters of a Multispan Bridge Based on High-Rate GNSS-RTK Measurement Using the CEEMD-RDT Approach vol.26, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001754
  89. Dynamic monitoring of a super high-rise structure based on GNSS-RTK technique combining CEEMDAN and wavelet threshold analysis vol.25, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2019.1608471
  90. Investigation of a Bridge Mechanical Response by a Joint Innovative Impulsive Energizer and a Wavelet Analysis vol.19, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-021-00615-x