Membrane and Water Treatment

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Hypochlorite treatment of polyamide membrane for improved reverse osmosis performance

  • Shao, P. (Energy, Mining and Environment (EME) Portfolio, National Research Council Canada) ;
  • Kurth, C.J. (NanoH2O Inc.)
  • Received : 2012.10.06
  • Accepted : 2013.02.05
  • Published : 2013.01.25
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Abstract

The pH-dependent inter-conversion of the three free chlorine species ($Cl_2$, HOCl, OCl-) present in the aqueous hypochlorite solution was theoretically investigated. Each species was found overwhelmingly present in a characteristic pH range. Hypochlorite treatment of the polyamide membrane was carried out over these pH ranges and various membrane responses were observed. As pH is less than 8, membrane tends to be N-chlorinated by $Cl_2$ and HOCl, and N-chlorinated membrane showed reduced water permeance and salt rejection. As pH rises to 10-12, $OCl^-$ appears to be the dominating chlorine species. Membrane hydrolysis was found to well interpret the improved water permeance and salt rejection. When the pH is between 8-10, both N-chlorination and hydrolysis contribute to the response of the membrane, and the treated membrane showed improved salt rejection but reduced water permeation. Excessive hydrolysis occurred while the membrane was treated at pH 13 for the much stronger alkalinity.

Keywords

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