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폐결핵의 증상과 진단 지연의 위험인자

Symptoms and Factors Associated with Delayed Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

  • 박재석 (단국대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Park, Jae Seuk (Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine)
  • 발행 : 2013.02.01

초록

목적: 결핵의 진단과 치료가 지연될 경우 환자가 심한 결핵으로 고통을 당할 뿐 아니라 주위 사람들에게 결핵균을 전파할 기회가 증가하게 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 한 대학병원에서 결핵으로 치료 중인 환자들을 대상으로 진단 당시 결핵의 증상, 진단 지연의 정도, 그리고 진단을 지연시키는 위험인자들에 대하여 알아보았다. 방법: 2011년 7월부터 2012년 7월까지 단국대학교병원에서 결핵으로 치료중인 환자들에 대하여 설문조사를 시행하여 진단 당시 결핵의 증상들과 처음 방문한 의료기관의 종류 등을 조사하였고, 이들 환자들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 진단 지연의 정도와 진단 지연에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 분석하였다. 결과: 총 107명의 결핵 환자 가운데 결핵의 증상을 주소로 의료기관을 방문하여 진단된 환자가 85명(79.4%)이었고, 건강검진이나 다른 질환의 진료 중에 결핵으로 진단된 환자가 22명(20.6%)이었다. 결핵의 증상을 주소로 의료기관을 방문하여 진단된 환자들 중에서 평균 환자 지연(첫 증상부터 의사 진료까지의 기간)은 16.7일(${\pm}$ 15.1)이었으며 평균 의사 지연(첫 의사 진료부터 결핵 진단까지의 기간)은 22.2일(${\pm}$ 21.3)이었다. 증상 발생 후에 약국을 먼저 방문한 경우 의료기관을 바로 방문한 경우보다 환자 지연이 더 길었다. 증상 발생 후 개인 의원을 처음으로 방문한 경우 보건소나 2차 또는 3차 병원을 처음 방문한 경우보다 의사 지연이 더 길었고 객혈이 있을 경우에는 의사 지연이 더 짧았다. 결론: 결핵의 진단 지연을 줄이기 위해서는 결핵의 증상이 있을 때 조기에 의사의 진료를 받도록 국민들을 홍보하고, 개인 의원 의사들을 대상으로 결핵 의심 강도를 높이도록 교육해야 한다.

Background/Aims: Delayed diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can result in progressive disease and contribute to the spread of TB. Presenting symptoms and factors associated with delayed diagnosis of pulmonary TB were evaluated in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Methods: Patients with pulmonary TB diagnosed from July 2011 to July 2012 were interviewed with questionnaires regarding symptoms of pulmonary TB and the type of health care facilities first visited. Medical records were also reviewed to evaluate the extent of diagnostic delay and factors associated with delayed diagnosis. Results: Of 107 patients with pulmonary TB, 85 (79.4%) were diagnosed after visiting doctors for evaluation of pulmonary TB symptoms and 22 (20.6%) were diagnosed after medical check-ups. Among patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB symptoms, the mean patient delay (time from symptom onset to initial doctor visit) was 16.7 ${\pm}$ 15.1 days, and the mean doctor delay (time from initial doctor visit to diagnosis of pulmonary TB) was 22.2 ${\pm}$ 21.3 days. First visit to a drugstore was associated with longer patient delays (hazard ratio [HR], 2.533; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.424-4.506). First visit to a primary clinic was associated with longer doctor delays compared with first visit to a public health center or secondary/tertiary hospital (HR, 1.767; 95% CI, 1.003-3.114). The presence of hemoptysis was associated with shorter doctor delays (HR, 0.438; 95% CI, 0.203-0.944). Conclusions: To reduce delays in diagnosis of pulmonary TB, patients should be educated to quickly consult with a doctor when they have symptoms of pulmonary TB, and primary clinic doctors should be educated to maintain a high index of suspicion for pulmonary TB.

키워드

참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis vol.57, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2014.57.1.19
  2. Factors Related to Medication Adherence in Adult Patients with Tuberculosis vol.30, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2018.30.5.493