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Tree Response of 'Fuyu' Persimmon to Different Degrees of Cold Damage on the Buds at Budburst

발아기 꽃눈의 저온피해 정도에 따른 '부유' 감나무의 수체 생장 반응

  • Choi, Seong-Tae (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Park, Doo-Sang (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Son, Ji-Young (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Park, Yeo-Ok (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Hong, Kwang-Pyo (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Rho, Chi-Woong (Research and Development Bureau, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services)
  • 최성태 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 박두상 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 손지영 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 박여옥 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 홍광표 (경상남도농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 노치웅 (경상남도농업기술원 연구개발국)
  • Received : 2013.01.03
  • Accepted : 2013.03.25
  • Published : 2013.03.31

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The buds of persimmon trees are susceptible to cold damage, often with the late frost, at the time of budburst. This study was conducted to determine effect of the cold damage on shoot and fruit growth the current season. METHODS AND RESULTS: 'Fuyu' trees, grown in 50-L pots, were placed for 1 h at $-2.2{\pm}0.5$, $-2.6{\pm}0.5$, or $-3.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ within a cold storage, at their budburst on April 5. Some trees under ambient temperature at $10-17^{\circ}C$ served as the control. Cold damage of the buds containing flower buds was 54% at $-2.2^{\circ}C$, and significantly increased to 95% at $-3.0^{\circ}C$. The bud damage included the complete death of all, complete death of main buds only, or the late and deformed shoot growth in the spring. Number of flower buds in early May dramatically decreased as the damage ratio increased. Since the thinning of flower buds in mid-May and fruitlets in early July was done in no or slightly damaged trees, the final number of fruits and yield did not decrease compared with the control when the damage increased by 60% and 70%, respectively. Average fruit weight and skin coloration tended to be better with increasing bud damage. Shoot growth was more vigorous in those trees whose buds were severely damaged by low temperature. CONCLUSION(S): Shoot growth and the yield may depend on the number of flower buds and percent fruit set after the cold damage.

감나무의 발아기에 발생하는 서리피해 양상을 이해하기 위하여 꽃눈의 저온피해 정도에 따른 수체 생장 반응을 조사하였다. 50 L 용기에서 재배한 '부유' 나무를 4월 5일 발아기에 저온저장고에 각각 1시간 동안 $-2.2{\pm}0.5$, $-2.6{\pm}0.5$, $-3.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$에 두어 꽃눈의 피해 정도를 달리하였고, 일부 나무는 처리를 하지 않은 대조구로 두었다. 처리온도가 $-2.2^{\circ}C$일 때 꽃눈 피해율은 54%였으나 $-3.0^{\circ}C$에서는 95%로 증가하여 온도가 낮을수록 꽃눈의 피해율이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 피해 꽃눈은 완전히 죽어 고사한 것, 눈의 주아가 죽고 부아가 생장하는 것, 죽지 않았으나 정상 눈에 비해 생장이 늦고 기형적인 것으로 달리 나타났다. 5월 상순 주당 꽃봉오리수는 꽃눈피해율이 높아질수록 급격히 감소하였다. 그러나 꽃눈피해가 없거나 적은 나무에서는 과다 착과가 되지 않도록 5월 중순에 꽃봉오리 솎기를 하고 7월 상순에 과실 솎기를 하였기 때문에 저온피해주의 수확기 최종 착과수는 꽃눈피해율이 60% 이내일 때 무피해주와 차이가 없었고, 수량의 경우 과중 증가로 피해율 70%까지는 뚜렷한 감소가 없었다. 꽃눈의 저온피해율이 높아짐에 따라 과중과 과피의 적색도는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 꽃눈 피해율이 높아질수록 주당 총신초장과 평균신초장 등의 영양생장이 촉진되었다. 결론적으로 발아기 꽃눈의 저온피해에 따른 수량과 영양 생장 반응은 꽃봉오리수 및 착과 정도에 의해 달라질 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

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