Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society (한국세라믹학회지)

The Korean Ceramic Society (한국세라믹학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Low-Temperature Sintering of Barium Calcium Zirconium Titanate Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

  • Fisher, John G. (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Dae-Gi (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Oh, Jeong-Hyeon (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Ha-Nul (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Nguyen, Dieu (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Jee-Hoon (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Sook (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Ho-Yong (Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sun Moon University)
  • Received : 2012.11.01
  • Accepted : 2013.02.01
  • Published : 2013.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The need for lead-free piezoceramics has caused a renewal of interest in $BaTiO_3$-based systems. Recently, it was found that ceramics in the $(Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O_3$ system have properties comparable to those of $Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3$. However, these ceramics require rather high sintering temperatures of $1450-1550^{\circ}C$. In this work, the effect of $TiO_2$ and CuO addition on the sintering behavior, microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of $(Ba_{0.85}Ca_{0.15})(Zr_{0.1}Ti_{0.9})O_3$ (BCTZ) ceramics will be discussed. BCTZ ceramics were prepared by the mixed oxide route and 1 mol % of $TiO_2$ or CuO was added. Undoped and doped ceramics were sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 1-5 h. CuO was found to be a very effective sintering aid, with samples sintered for 1 h at $1350^{\circ}C$ having a bulk density of 95% theoretical density; however the piezoelectric properties were greatly reduced, probably due to the small grain size.

Keywords

References

  1. A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert, "Chapter 6: Piezoelectric Ceramics," p. 339-410, Electroceramics, 2nd Edition, Chichester, Wiley, 2003.
  2. W. Liu and X. Ren, "Large Piezoelectric Effect in Pb-Free Ceramics," Phys. Rev. Lett., 103 2576021-4 (2009).
  3. W. Li, Z. Xu, R. Chu, P. Fu, and G. Zang, "Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of $(Ba_{1-x}Ca_x)(Ti_{0.95}Zr_{0.05})O_3 $ Lead-Free Ceramics," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93 2942-44 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03907.x
  4. P. Wang P, Y. Li, and Y. Lu, "Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties of $(Ba_{0.85}Ca_{0.15})(Ti_{0.9}Zr_{0.1})O_3$ Lead-free Ceramics by Optimizing Calcination and Sintering Temperature," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 31, 2005-12 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.04.023
  5. T. Chen, T. Zhang, G. Wang, J. Zhou, J. Zhang, and Y. Liu, "Effect of CuO on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of $Ba_{0.85}Ca_{0.15}Ti_{0.90}Zr_{0.10}O_3$ Piezoceramics," J. Mater. Sci., 47 4612-19 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6326-1
  6. B. D. Cullity and S. R. Stock, "Chapter 13: Precise Parameter Measurements," p. 363-84, Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, Third Edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
  7. D. E. Rase and R. Roy, "Phase Equilibria in the System $BaO-TiO_2$," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 38 102-13 (1955).
  8. K. W. Kirby and B. A. Wechsler, "Phase Relations in the Barium Titanate-Titanium Oxide System," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 74 1841-47 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb07797.x
  9. G. H. Jonker and W. Kwestroo, "The Ternary Systems $BaO-TiO_2-SnO_2$ and $BaO-TiO_2-ZrO_2$," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 41 390-94 (1958). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1958.tb13509.x
  10. W. Kwestroo and H. A. M. Paping, "The Systems $BaO-SrOTiO_2,\;BaO-CaO-TiO_2,\;and\;SrO-CaO-TiO_2$," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 42 292-99 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1959.tb12957.x
  11. S. J. L. Kang, "Chapter 16: Densification Models and Theories," p. 227-47, Sintering: Densification, Grain Growth & Microstructure, Elsevier, Oxford, 2005.
  12. I. Horsak, J. Sestak, and B. Stepanek, "Simple Computer Program Used for the Calculation of Stable and Metastable Phase Boundary Lines for the Pseudobinary Edges in the $BaO-CuO_x-YO_{1.5}$ System," Thermochim. Acta, 234 233-43 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(94)85146-8
  13. F. H. Lu, F. X. Fang, and Y. S. Chen, "Eutectic Reaction Between Copper Oxide and Titanium Dioxide," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 21 1093-99 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00298-3
  14. A. M. M. Gadalla and J. White, "Equilibrium Relationship in the System $CuO-Cu_2O-ZrO_2$," Trans. Br. Ceram. Soc., 65 383-90 (1966).
  15. J. C. Schmidt, A. Tigges, and G. J. Schmitz, "Synthesis of Polycrystalline $BaZrO_3$ Coatings," Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 53 115-18 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5107(97)00313-9
  16. A. L. Vinokurov, O. A. Shiyakhtin, Y. J. Oh, A. V. Orlov, and Y. D. Tretyakov, "Comparative Analysis of Barrier Properties of $BaCeO_3$ Ceramics," Supercond. Sci. Technol., 16 416-21 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/16/3/316
  17. R. D. Shannon, "Revised Effective Ionic Radii and Systematic Studies of Interatomic Distances in Halides and Chalcogenides," Acta Cryst., A32 751-67 (1976).
  18. J. Hao, W. Bai, W. Li, and J. Zhai, "Correlation Between the Microstructure and Electrical Properties in High-Performance $(Ba_{0.85}Ca_{0.15})(Zr_{0.1}Ti_{0.9})O_3$ Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 95 1998-2006 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05146.x
  19. Y. Guo, K. Kakimoto, and H. Ohsato, "Ferroelectric-Relaxor Behavior of $(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})NbO_3$-Based Ceramics," J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 65 1831-35 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2004.06.018
  20. W. Jo, T. Granzow, E. Aulbach, J. Rodel, and D. Damjanovic, "Origin of the Large Strain Response in $(K_{0.5}Na_{0.5})NbO_3$-modified $(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3-BaTiO_3$ Lead-free Piezoceramics," J. Appl. Phys., 105 0941021-5 (2009).
  21. Q. M. Zhang, H. Wang, N. Kim, and L. E. Cross, "Direct Evaluation of Domain-Wall and Intrinsic Contributions to the Dielectric and Piezoelectric Response and their Temperature Dependance on Lead Zirconate-titanate Ceramics," J. Appl. Phys., 75 454-59 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.355874
  22. M. Demartin and D. Damjanovic, "Dependence of the Direct Piezoelectric Effect in Coarse and Fine Grain Barium Titanate Ceramics on Dynamic and Static Pressure," Appl. Phys. Lett., 68 3046-48 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115572
  23. C. A. Randall, N. Kim, J. P. Kucera, W. Cao, and T. R. Shrout, "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Size Effects in Fine- Grained Morphotropic-Phase-Boundary Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics," J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81 677-88 (1998).
  24. J. D. Powers and A. M. Glaeser, "Grain Boundary Migration in Ceramics," Interface Sci., 6 23-39 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008656302007

Cited by

  1. Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of (Ba0.86Ca0.14)(Ti0.85Zr0.12Sn0.03)O3 Ceramics vol.28, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4313/JKEM.2015.28.7.424
  2. System Ceramics vol.29, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4313/JKEM.2016.29.7.404
  3. Perovskite-type titanate zirconate as photocatalyst for textile wastewater treatment vol.24, pp.14, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7590-4
  4. CuO-based sintering aids for low temperature sintering of BaFe12O19 ceramics vol.1, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2013.05.002