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Effect of Frying Methods under Reduced Pressures on the Quality of French Fries

감압 튀김 방법이 감자튀김의 품질에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Bo-Bae (Dept. of Nutrition & Culinary Science, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Won (Dept. of Food & Biotechnology, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Park, Jang-Woo (Dept. of Food & Biotechnology and Food and Bio-industrial Research Center, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Joo (Dept. of Nutrition & Culinary Science, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Chung, Yoon-Kyung (Dept. of Nutrition & Culinary Science, Hankyong National University)
  • 이보배 (한경대학교 영양조리과학과) ;
  • 이진원 (한경대학교 식품생물공학과) ;
  • 박장우 (한경대학교 식품생물공학과 및 식품생물산업연구소) ;
  • 이현주 (한경대학교 영양조리과학과) ;
  • 정윤경 (한경대학교 영양조리과학과)
  • Received : 2012.11.29
  • Accepted : 2013.02.15
  • Published : 2013.03.31

Abstract

This study investigated the quality changes of French fries when cooked under a lower pressure than the ambient atmosphere. This was derived from the concept of boiling point depression of water under reduced pressure. The pressure during the frying process was controlled at measures of 760 mmHg, 560 mmHg, 360 mmHg, or 160 mmHg. The frying apparatus was manufactured to cook foods up to $200^{\circ}C$ and to have a valve to control the pressure. French fries were cooked at $180^{\circ}C$ for 4 minutes. After each pressure level was achieved, the French fries were dipped into a frying oil bath and cooked for 4 minutes. The quality changes, including moisture content, starch gelatinization, textural and sensory properties of the French fries were measured. The moisture contents were decreased at all 4 pressure levels after frying. Starch gelatinization was not significantly different among the samples. The hardness of French fries cooked at 160 mmHg was the best. In addition, the sensory properties including brown color, taste, and crispiness of French fries cooked at 160 mmHg was the best. The overall preference was higher when the frying pressure was lower.

압력별(760, 560, 360, 160 mmHg)에 따른 감자튀김의 품질변화를 호화도, 수분 지방 함량 변화, Texture 측정, 관능평가를 통해 알아보았다. 압력별(760, 560, 360, 160 mmHg)에 따라 감자튀김의 호화도는 각각 60.0, 60.0, 60.0 및 58.0%로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 수분 함량은 네 압력 조건에서 모두 감소하는 반면, 지방 함량은 약 2.5배 이상 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 조직감에서는 경도(Hardness)가 5.5 N으로 160 mmHg가 가장 좋았으며, 상압인 760 mmHg가 3.3 N으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 점착성(adhesiveness)과 탄력성(springiness)에서는 네 압력 모두 유사한 값을 나타내었지만, 부서짐성(fracturability)에서는 160 mmHg가 3.64값으로 다른 압력과 비교해 큰 차이로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 관능검사 결과에서는 색(갈색도), 맛, 바삭한 정도의 조직감에서 160 mmHg가 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 전체적인 기호도는 압력이 낮을수록 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이상에서 살펴본 것과 같이 감압 상태로 감자를 튀김 조리하였을 때, 튀김의 호화 정도나 수분 지방 함량에 있어서는 일반 상압 조건 하의 튀김과 유사하면서 관능적인 측면에서 기호도가 높기 때문에 제품으로 적용할 가능성이 있다고 사료된다. 이를 위해서는 영양적인 성분 변화에 대한 연구도 더 진행되어야 하고, 경제적인 측면도 고려되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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