Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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Presence of Leukemia-maintaining Cells in Differentiation-resistant Fraction of K562 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

만성 골수성 백혈병 K562세포의 분화 내성 분획에서 백혈병 유지 세포의 동정

  • Lee, Hong-Rae (Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Ju (Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ha, Gahee (Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, So-Jung (MD-PhD program, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Hee (Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Chi-Dug (Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
  • 이홍래 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 생화학교실) ;
  • 김미주 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 생화학교실) ;
  • 하가희 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 생화학교실) ;
  • 김소중 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 의사과학자 복합학위과정) ;
  • 김선희 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 생화학교실) ;
  • 강치덕 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 생화학교실)
  • Received : 2013.01.18
  • Accepted : 2013.02.14
  • Published : 2013.02.28
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Abstract

The present study investigated whether leukemia-maintaining cells reside in a differentiation-resistant fraction using a megakaryocytic differentiation model of K562 cells. Treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) significantly inhibited the colony-forming efficiency of the K562 cells. At a PMA concentration of 1 nM or higher, colony was not formed, but approximately 40% of K562 cells still survived in soft agar. Approximately 70% of colony-forming cells that were isolated following the removal of PMA after exposure to the agent were differentiated after treatment with 10 nM PMA for 3 days. The differentiation rate of the colony-forming cells was gradually increased and reached about 90% 6 weeks after colony isolation, which was comparable to the level of a PMA-treated K562 control. Meanwhile, imatinib-resistant variants from the K562 cells, including K562/R1, K562/R2, and K562/R3 cells, did not show any colony-forming activity, and most imatinib-resistant variants were CD44 positive. After 4 months of culture in drug-free medium, the surface level of CD44 was decreased in comparison with primary imatinib-resistant variants, and a few colonies were formed from K562/R3 cells. In these cells, Bcr-Abl, which was lost in the imatinib-resistant variants, was re-expressed, and the original phenotypes of the K562 cells were partially recovered. These results suggest that leukemia-maintaining cells might reside in a differentiation-resistant population. Differentiation therapy to eliminate leukemia-maintaining cells could be a successful treatment for leukemia if the leukemia-maintaining cells were exposed to a differentiation inducer for a long time and at a high dose.

본 연구에서는 K562 만성 골수성 백혈병 세포를 이용하여, 분화 유도에 의해 암 유지/개시 세포의 자기 재생능력이 소실되는 지를 조사하였다. K562 세포의 집락(colony) 형성 능력은 PMA 처리에 의하여 현저히 억제되었고, 1 nM 이상의 PMA 처리시에는 집락이 형성되지 않았으나, 약 40%의 세포는 여전히 연한천(soft agar)에서 살아 있었다. PMA 4 nM을 3일간 처리하고 제거한 후 분리한 집락 형성 세포에 다시 10 nM PMA를 3일간 처리하였을 때, 약 70% 정도의 세포가 분화되었고, 6주 후에 PMA를 처리하였을 때는 분화율이 약 90%로 K562 모세포에 PMA를 처리한 수준에 도달하였다. 한편, imatinib-내성 K562 변종 세포들은 연한천에서 집락을 형성하지 않았으며, 대부분의 세포가 CD44 양성이었다. Imatinib 무첨가 배지에서 4개월 배양 후, 이 세포들의 표면 CD44발현량은 감소하였고, K562/R3 imatinib-내성 변종 세포에서는 연한천에서 작은 집락이 형성되었다. 이 세포에서는 imatinib-내성 변종 세포에서 소실되었던 Bcr-Abl이 다시 발현되기 시작하였고, 다른 표현형들도 부분적으로 회복되었다. 이러한 결과는 백혈병 유지 세포가 분화에 내성을 나타내는 세포이며, 분화 유도제를 오랜 기간 동안 고농도로 처리할 수 있다면 백혈병 줄기 세포를 제거하기 위한 분화 요법이 백혈병 치료에 적용될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

Keywords

References

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