Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Fe Reduction Process of Shallow Groundwater in a Reclaimed Area, Kim-je

김제시 간척지역 천부 지하수내 철 환원작용 특성에 대한 고찰

  • Kim, Ji-Hoon (Petroleum and Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Cheong, Tae-Jin (Petroleum and Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Ryu, Jong-Sik (Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea Basic Science Institute) ;
  • Kim, Rak-Hyeon (Department of Soil and Groundwater, Environmental Management Corporation)
  • 김지훈 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 정태진 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 류종식 (한국기초과학지원연구원 환경과학연구부) ;
  • 김락현 (한국환경공단 토양지하수처)
  • Received : 2012.03.22
  • Accepted : 2013.02.15
  • Published : 2013.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The study area is located on the western coastal region of Korea, partly had been reclaimed lands. Groundwaters of the coastal area show lower Eh and DO values (Eh: 0.57 V ${\rightarrow}$ 0.13 V, DO; 9.7 mg/l ${\rightarrow}$ 1.3 mg/l), and higher Fe concentrations (> 20 mg/l) than those of the inner land (< 0.3 mg/l), indicating that the redox condition of groundwater changes from oxic into suboxic/anoxic conditions as it flows from the inland toward the coastal area. In addition, Fe speciation of groundwater from the coastal area demonstrates that the most dissolved Fe exist as $Fe^{2+}$, reflecting that groundwater is under the anoxic condition to sufficiently occur Fe reduction. According to the result of Fe extraction with the sediment samples from three wells (A, B, C), the sediments provide enough $Fe^{3+}$ to occur the Fe reduction in the groundwater. Integrated all results of the groundwater and sediment, we infer that the Fe reduction to occur in groundwater is associated with the reclamation processes of the study area.

간척지를 포함하고 있는 연구지역에서 육지에서 해안지역으로 근접할수록 측정된 지하수의 산화환원 전위 (Eh)와 용존 산소량 (DO)은 낮게 관찰되었다 (Eh: 0.57 V ${\rightarrow}$ 0.13 V, DO; 9.7 mg/l ${\rightarrow}$ 1.3 mg/l). 이는 연구지역 지하수의 산화환경이 육지에서 해안가로 근접할수록 호기성 환경에서 아혐기성/혐기성 환경으로 변화한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 지하수 수질 분석 결과에 의하면 철이온 (Fe)이 지하수에 많이 포함되어 있으며 (> 20 mg/l), 대부분의 2가 철로 존재한다. 이러한 연구지역 해안가 지하수들의 특징들은 지하수들이 철의 환원작용 (Fe reduction)이 일어날 수 있는 혐기성 환경에 위치하고 있음을 지시해준다. 철 환원작용이 일어나기 위해서는 3가 철의 공급원이 필요한데, 관측정 퇴적물의 철이온 추출실험에 의하면 연구지역의 퇴적물은 철 환원작용에 필요한 3가 철이온에 대한 충분한 공급원 역할을 할 수 있다. 따라서 분석한 지하수 및 퇴적물의 결과들을 종합해석하면, 연구지역에서 일어나는 철 환원작용은 갯벌의 간척활동과 많은 관련을 가지고 있는 것으로 추정된다.

Keywords

References

  1. APHA, AWWA and WPCF (1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed. American Public Health Association Washington DC.
  2. Arthur, M.A., Dean, W.D. and Laarkamp, K. (1998) Organic carbon accumulation and preservation in surface sediments on the Peru margin. Chem. Geol., v.152, p.273-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00120-X
  3. Canfield, D.E. and Thamdrup, B. (2009) Towards a consistent classification scheme for geochemical environments, or, why we wish the term 'suboxic' would go away. Geobiology, v.7, p.385-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00214.x
  4. Chae, G.-T., Kim, K., Yun, S.T., Kim, K.H., Kim, S.O., Choi, B.Y., Kim, H.S. and Rhee, C.W. (2004) Hydrogeochemistry of alluvial groundwaters in an agricultural area : An implication for groundwater contamination susceptibility. Chemosphere, v.55, p.369-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.001
  5. Chen, K. and Jiao, J.J. (2008) Metal concentrations and mobility in marine sediment and groundwater in coastal reclamation areas : A case study in Shenzhen, China. Environ. Poll., v.151, p.576-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.004
  6. Choi, B.-K., Koh, D.-C., Ha, K. and Cheon, S.-H. (2007) Effect of Redox Processes and Solubility Equilibria on the Behavior of Dissolved Iron and Manganese in Groundwater from a Riverine Alluvial Aquifer. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.40, n.1, p.29-45.
  7. Christensen, T.H., Bjerg, P.L., Banwart, S.A., Jakobsen, R., G.B., Baun, A., Heron, G. and Albrechsten, H.J. (2000) Characterization of redox conditions in groundwater contaminant plumes. J. Contam. Hydrol., v.45, p.165-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00109-1
  8. Christensen, T.H., Kjeldsen, P., Bjerg, P.L., Jensen, D.L., Christensen, G.B., Baun, A., Albrechsten, H.J. and Heron, G. (2001) Biochemistry of landfill leachate plumes. Appl. Geochem., v.16, p.659-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00082-2
  9. Evans, W.C. (1977) Biochemistry of the bacterial catabolism of aromatic compounds in anaerobic environments. Nature, v.270, p.17-22. https://doi.org/10.1038/270017a0
  10. Frey, R.W., Howard, J.D., Han, S.J. and Park, B.K. (1989) Sediments and sedimentary sequences on a modern macrotidal flat, Inchon, Korea. J. Sed. Petro., v.59, p.28-44.
  11. Heron G., Crouze C., Bourg A.C.M., and Christensen T.H. (1994) Speciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in contaminated aquifer sediments using chemical extraction techniques. Environmental Science and Technology, v.28, p.1698-1705. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00058a023
  12. Hyun, J.-H. (2005). Significance of Dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction in organic matter oxidation and bioremediation of environmental contaminants in anoxic marine environments. The Sea, v.10, n.3, 145-153.
  13. Hyun, S.G., Woo, N.C., Shin, W. and Hamm S.-Y. (2006) Characteristics of Groundwater Quality in a Riverbank Filtration Area. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.39, n.2, p.151-162.
  14. Kim, J.H. (2001) Hydrogeochmical study on shallow groundwater at the coastal area of Kimje. Seoul National University, Seoul, 96p.
  15. Kim, J.H., Kim, R.H., Lee, J. and Chang, H.W. (2003) Hydrogeochemical characterization of major factors affecting the quality of shallow groundwater in the coastal area at Kimje in South Korea. Environ. Geol., v.44, p.478-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0782-5
  16. Kim, J.H., Kim, R.H., Lee, J., Cheong, T.J., Yum, B.W. and Chang, H.W. (2005a) Multivariate statistical analysis to identify the major factors governing groundwater quality in the coastal area of Kimje, South Korea. Hydrol. Process, v.19, n.6, p.1261-1276. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5565
  17. Kim, J.H., Lee, J., Cheong, T.J., Kim, R.H., Koh, D.C., Ryu, J.S. and Chang, H.W. (2005b) Use of time series analysis for the identification of tidal effect on groundwater in the coastal area of Kimje, Korea. J. Hydro. v.300, n.1-4, p.188-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.06.004
  18. Kim, J.H., Park, M.H., Tsunogai, U., Cheong, T.J., Ryu, B.J., Lee, Y.J., Han, H.C., Oh, J.H. and Chang, H.W. (2007). Geochemical characterization of the organic matter, pore water constituents and shallow methane gas in the eastern part of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea). Island Arc, v.16, p.93-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2007.00560.x
  19. Kim, J.H., Torres, M.E., Choi, J., Bahk, J.J., Park, M.H. and Hong, W.L. (2012). Inferences on gas transport based on molecular and isotopic signatures of gases at acoustic chimneys and background sites in the Ulleung Basin. Organic Geochemistry, v.43, p.26-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.11.004
  20. Kim, R.H., Kim, J.H., Ryu, J.S. and Chang, H.W. (2006) Salinization properties of a shallow groundwater in a coastal reclaimed area, Yeonggwang, Korea, Environ. Geol., v.49, p.1180-1194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-0163-3
  21. Kim, Y., Park, J.-E., Lee, J., Hong, M. and Roh, Y. (2011) Metal reduction and biomineralization by bacteria enriched from intertidal flat sediments, Suncheon Bay. Korea. Jour. Geolog. Soc. Korea, v.47, n.1, p.19-30.
  22. Koo, J.W., Choi, J. K. and Son, J.G. (1998) Soil Properties of Reclaimed Tidal Lands and Tidelands of Western Sea Coast in Korea. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert., v.31, n.2, p.120-127.
  23. Lafargue, E., Espitalie J., Marquis, F. and Pillot, D. (1998) Rock-Eval 6 applications in hydrocarbon exploration, production and soil contamination studies. Rev.Inst. Franc Perole., v.53, p.421-437 (in French). https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1998036
  24. Lee, J.Y., Cheon, J.Y., Lee, K.K., Lee, S.Y. and Lee, M.H. (2001a) Statistical evaluation of geochemical parameters distribution in a ground water system contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. J Environ. Qual., v.35, p.1548-1563.
  25. Lee, J.Y., Cheon, J.Y., Lee, K.K, Lee, S.Y. and Lee, M.H. (2001b) Factors affecting the distribution of hydrocarbon contaminants and hydrogeochemical parameters in a shallow sand aquifer. J. Contam. Hydrol., v.50, p.139-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00101-2
  26. Lovely, D.R. (1997) Microbial Fe(III) redox in subsurface environments. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., v.20, p.305-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00316.x
  27. Na, C.-K. and Son, C.-I. (2005) Groundwater Quality and Pollution Characteristics at Seomjin River Basin: Pollution Source and Risk Assessment. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.38, n.3, p.261-272.
  28. Namgung, B. (1990) A Study on patterns of the Reclamation Settlement on the tidal flats along the riverside : A case study of Mangyoung and Tongjin River-basins. Seoul National University, Seoul, 193p.
  29. Park, M.H., Kim, J.H., Ryu, B.J., Kim, I.S., Lee, Y.J. and Chang, H.W. (2005) Sulfate reduction and origin of organic matter in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.38, p.335-346.
  30. Park, Y.S., Kim, J.K. and Kim, J. (2001) Petrochemistry of Granitoids in the Younggwang-Kimje area, Korea. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.34, n.1, p.55-70.
  31. Richter, B.C., Kreitler, C.W. and Bledsoe, B.E. (1993) Geochemical techniques for identifying sources of groundwater salinization. CRC Press, New York, 258p.
  32. Shin, I.-H., Park, C.-Y., Ahan, K.-S. and Jeong, Y.-J. (2002) Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwaters at the Gogum island area in Jeonnam, Korea. Jour. Korean Earth Science Society, v.23, n.6, p.474-485.
  33. Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J. (1996) Aquatic chemistry: chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters. 3rd ed. Wiley, New York, 1022p.
  34. Yun, J.K., Lee, M. H., Lee, S.Y., Noh, H.J., Kim, M.S., Lee, K.K. and Yang, C.S. (2004) A Case Study of Monitored Natural Attenuation at the Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Site : II. Evaluation of Natural Attenuation by Groundwater Monitoring. J. Kor. Soc. Soil & Groundwater Env., v.9, n.3, p.38-48.
  35. Woo, N.-C., Kim, H.-D., Lee, K.-S., Park, W.-B., Koh, G.- W. and Moon, Y.-S. (2001) Interpretation of Groundwater System and Contamination by Water-Quality Monitoring in the Daejung Watershed, Jeju Island. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.34, n.5, p.485-498.

Cited by

  1. A study on estimating background concentration of groundwater for water quality assessment in non-water supply district vol.28, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2014.28.3.345