Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on the Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate, Growth, and Morphogenesis of Grafted Pepper Transplants during Healing and Acclimatization

  • Jang, Yoonah (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Mun, Boheum (Research Coordination Division, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo, Taecheol (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jungu (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Sangseok (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Chun, Changhoo (Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2012.07.02
  • Accepted : 2012.11.02
  • Published : 2013.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study evaluated the influence of light quality and intensity during healing and acclimatization on the $CO_2$ exchange rate, growth, and morphogenesis of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, using a system for the continuous measurement of the $CO_2$ exchange rate. C. annuum L. 'Nokkwang' and 'Tantan' were used as scions and rootstocks, respectively. Before grafting, the transplants were grown for four weeks in a growth chamber with artificial light, where the temperature was set at $25/18^{\circ}C$ (light/dark period) and the light period was 14 hours $d^{-1}$. The grafted pepper transplants were then healed and acclimatized under different light quality conditions using fluorescent lamps (control) and red, blue, and red + blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). All the transplants were irradiated for 12 hours per day, for six days, at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 50, 100, or 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The higher PPF levels increased the $CO_2$ exchange rate during the healing and acclimatization. A smaller increase in the $CO_2$ exchange rates was observed in the transplants under red LEDs. At a PPF of 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, the $CO_2$ exchange rate of the transplants irradiated with red LEDs was lowest and it was 37% lower than those irradiated with fluorescent lamps. The $CO_2$ exchange rates of transplants irradiated with blue LEDs was the highest and 20% higher than those irradiated under fluorescent lamps. The graft take was not affected by the light quality. The grafted pepper transplants irradiated with red LEDs had a lower SPAD value, leaf dry weight, and dry matter content. The transplants irradiated with blue LEDs had longer shoot length and heavier stem fresh weight than those irradiated with the other treatments. Leaves irradiated with the red LED had the smallest leaf area and showed leaf epinasty. In addition, the palisade and spongy cells of the pepper leaves were dysplastic and exhibited hyperplasia. Grafted pepper transplants treated with red + blue LEDs showed similar growth and morphology to those transplants irradiated with fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that high-quality grafted pepper transplants can be obtained by healing and acclimatization under a combination of blue and red lights at a high PPF level.

Keywords

References

  1. Amaki, W. and T. Hirai. 2008. Photomorphogenic responses of horticultural crops to monochromatic light, p. 29-40. In: E. Goto (ed.). Agri-photonics-Advances in plant factories with LED lighting. CMC Press, Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese)
  2. Brown, C.S., A.C. Schuerger, and J.C. Sager. 1995. Growth and photomorphogenesis of pepper plants under red light-emitting diodes with supplemental blue or far-red lighting. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120:808-813.
  3. Fang, W. and R.C. Jao. 2000. A review on artificial lighting of tissue cultures and transplants, p. 108-113. In: C. Kubota and C. Chun (eds.). Transplant production in the 21st century. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
  4. Fukuda, N., M. Fujita, Y. Ohta, S. Sase, S. Nishimura, and H. Ezura. 2008. Directional blue light irradiation triggers epidermal cell elongation of abaxial side resulting in inhibition of leaf epinasty in geranium under red light condition. Sci. Hort. 115:176-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.08.006
  5. Goins, G.D., N.C., Yorio, M.M. Sanwo, and C.S. Brown. 1997. Photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed yield of wheat plants grown under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without supplemental blue lighting. J. Exp. Bot. 48:1407-1413. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/48.7.1407
  6. Goto, E. 2011. Application of artificial light sources for plant production. J. Illuminating Eng. Inst. Japan 95:200-204. (in Japanese with English abstract)
  7. Hogewonign, S.W., G. Trouwborst, H. Maljaars, H. Poorter, W. van Ieperen, and J. Harbinson. 2010. Blue light dose-responses of leaf photosynthesis, morphology, and chemical composition of Cucumissativus grown under different combinations of red and blue light. J. Exp. Bot. 61:3107-3117. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq132
  8. Jang, Y.A., E. Goto, Y. Ishigami, B.H. Mun, and C.H. Chun. 2011. Effects of light intensity and relative humidity on photosynthesis, growth and graft-take of grafted cucumber transplants during healing and acclimatization. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52:331-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-011-0009-8
  9. Kim, H.H., F.D. Goins, R.M. Wheeler, and J.C. Sager. 2004. Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red and blue-light-emitting diodes. HortScience 39:1617-1622.
  10. Lee, J.G., S.S. Oh, S.H. Cha, Y.A. Jang, S.Y. Kim, Y.C. Um, and S.R. Cheong. 2010. Effects of red/blue light ratio and short-term light quality conversion on growth and anthocyanin contents of baby leaf lettuce. J. Bio-Environ. Cont. 19:351-359.
  11. Lee, J.M., and M. Oda. 2003. Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops. Hort. Rev. 28:61-121.
  12. Liu, X., S. Guo, Z. Xu, and X. Jiao. 2011. Regulation of chloroplast ultrastructure, cross-section anatomy of leaves, and morphology of stomata of cherry tomato by different light irradiations of light emitting diodes. HortScience 46:217-221.
  13. Louws, F.J., C.L. Rivard, and C. Kubota. 2010. Grafting fruiting vegetables to manage soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens, arthropods and weeds. Sci. Hort. 127:127-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.023
  14. Luft, J.H. 1973. Embedding media-old and new, p. 1-34. In: J.K. Koehler (ed.). Advance techniques in biological electron microscopy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and New York.
  15. Macedo, A.F., M.V. Leal-Costa, E.S. Tavares, C.L.S. Lage, and M.A. Esquibel. 2011. The effect of light quality on leaf production and development of in vitro-cultured plants of Alternantherra brasilianan Kuntze. Environ. Experimental Botany 70:43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.05.012
  16. Massa, G.D., H.H. Kim, R.M. Wheeler, and C.A. Mitchell. 2008. Plant productivity in response to LED lighting. HortScience 43:1951-1953.
  17. Matsuda, R., K. Ohashi-Kaneko, K. Fujiwara, E. Goto, and K. Kurata. 2004. Photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves grown under red light with or without supplemental blue light. Plant cell Physiol. 45:1870-1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pch203
  18. McNellis, T.W. and X.W. Deng. 1995. Light control of seedling morphogenetic pattern. Plant Cell 7:1749-1761. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.11.1749
  19. Mun, B.H., Y.A. Jang, E. Goto, Y. Ishigami, and C.H. Chun. 2011. Measurement System of whole-canopy dioxide exchange rates in grafted cucumber transplants in which scions were exposed to different water regimes using a semi-open multi-chamber. Sci. Hort. 130:607-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.08.017
  20. Nobuoka, T., T. Nishimoto, and K. Toi, 2005. Wind and light promote graft-take and growth of grafted tomato seedlings. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 74:170-175. (in Japanese with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.74.170
  21. Savvas, D., G. Colla, Y. Rouphael, and D. Schwarz. 2010. Amelioration of heavy metal and nutrient stress in fruit vegetables by grafting. Sci. Hort. 127:156-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.011
  22. Schuerger, A.C., C.S. Brown, and E.C. Stryjewski. 1997. Anatomical features of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under red light-emitting diodes supplemented with blue or far-red light. Ann. Bot. 79:273-282. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0341
  23. Schwarz, D., Y. Rouphael, G. Colla, and J.H. Venema. 2010. Grafting as a tool to improve tolerance of vegetables to abiotic stresses: Thermal stress, water stress and organic pollutants. Sci. Hort. 127:162-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.09.016
  24. Shibuya, T., J. Tsuruyama, Y. Kitaya, and M. Kiyota. 2006. Enhancement of photosynthesis and growth of tomato seedlings by forced ventilation within the canopy. Sci. Hort. 109:218-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.04.009
  25. Shibuya, T. and T. Kozai. 1998. Effects of air current speed on net photosynthetic and evapotranspiration rates of a tomato plug sheet under artificial light. Environ. Control Biol. 36:131-136. https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb1963.36.131
  26. Tennessen, D.J., E.L. Singsaas, and T.D. Sharkey. 1994. Light-emitting diodes as a light source for photosynthesis research. Photosynth. Res. 39:85-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027146
  27. Yorio, N.C., G.D. Goins, and H.R. Kagie. 2001. Improving spinach, radish, and lettuce growth under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with blue light supplementation. HortScience 36:380-383.
  28. van Iersel, M.W. and B. Bugbee. 2000. A multi-chamber, semi-continuous, crop carbon dioxide exchange system: Design, calibration, and data interpretation. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125:86-92.

Cited by

  1. Effect of Supplementary Light Source on Quality of Grafted Tomato Seedlings and Expression of Two Photosynthetic Genes vol.8, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8100207
  2. Comparisons of Different Lighting Systems for Horticultural Seedling Production Aimed at Energy Saving vol.10, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093351
  3. Effects of photosynthetic photon flux and carbon dioxide concentration on the photosynthesis and growth of grafted pepper transplants during healing and acclimatization vol.55, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-014-0221-4
  4. 접목 전 대목 및 접수의 양수분 관리가 고추의 접목활착 및 접목묘의 생육에 미치는 영향 vol.23, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2014.23.4.364
  5. 인공광형 폐쇄형 육묘시스템 내 광량 및 플러그 트레이 규격에 따른 오이 접수 및 호박대목의 생육특성 vol.23, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2014.23.4.383
  6. LED 광원과 광도에 따른 참외의 묘소질 및 정식 후 생육 변화 vol.25, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2016.25.4.294
  7. 접목활착 후 순화시 차광조건에 따른 토마토와 고추 접목묘의 생육 vol.30, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2021.30.1.010
  8. Blue Light Improves Photosynthetic Performance during Healing and Acclimatization of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings vol.22, pp.15, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158043
  9. Growth and Energy Use Efficiency of Grafted Tomato Transplants as Affected by LED Light Quality and Photon Flux Density vol.11, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090816