DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The role of rhinosinusitis in severe asthma

  • Jang, An-Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2013.08.12
  • 심사 : 2013.09.10
  • 발행 : 2013.11.01

초록

The prevalence of asthma is approximately 5% to 10% in the general population. Of these, approximately 5% to 10% are severe asthmatics who respond poorly to asthmatic drugs, including high-dose inhaled steroids. Severe asthmatics have persistent symptoms, frequent symptom exacerbation, and severe airway obstruction even when taking high-dose inhaled steroids. The medical costs of treating severe asthmatics represent ~50% of the total healthcare costs for asthma. Risk factors for severe asthma are genetic and environmental, including many kinds of aeroallergens, ${\beta}$-blockers, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and factors such as denial, anxiety, fear, depression, socioeconomic status, and alcohol consumption can exacerbate asthma. Rhinitis and asthma usually occur together. There is increasing evidence that allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis may inf luence the clinical course of asthma. This review discusses the role of rhinosinusitis in severe asthma.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Jang AS. Steroid response in refractory asthmatics. Korean J Intern Med 2012;27:143-148. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2012.27.2.143
  2. The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Treatment guideline of asthma in Korea [Internet]. Seoul (KR): The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, c2005 [cited 2011 Mar 1]. Available from: http://www.allergy.or.kr.
  3. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program: full report of the expert panel: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma (EPR-3) 2007 [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 2007 [cited 2008 Nov 25]. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma.
  4. James AL, Maxwell PS, Pearce-Pinto G, Elliot JG, Carroll NG. The relationship of reticular basement membrane thickness to airway wall remodeling in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166(12 Pt 1):1590-1595. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2108069
  5. Chetta A, Foresi A, Del Donno M, Bertorelli G, Pesci A, Olivieri D. Airways remodeling is a distinctive feature of asthma and is related to severity of disease. Chest 1997;111:852-857. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.111.4.852
  6. Reed CE. The natural history of asthma in adults: the problem of irreversibility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:539-547.
  7. Ten Hacken NH, Postma DS, Timens W. Airway remodeling and long-term decline in lung function in asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003;9:9-14. https://doi.org/10.1097/00063198-200301000-00002
  8. Wenzel S. Mechanisms of severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2003;33:1622-1628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01799.x
  9. Wenzel S. Severe/fatal asthma. Chest 2003;123(3 Suppl):405S-410S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.123.3_suppl.405S-a
  10. Wenzel S. Severe asthma: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Mt Sinai J Med 2003;70:185-190.
  11. Heaney LG, Robinson DS. Severe asthma treatment: need for characterising patients. Lancet 2005;365:974-976. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71087-4
  12. Heaney LG, Conway E, Kelly C, et al. Predictors of therapy resistant asthma: outcome of a systematic evaluation protocol. Thorax 2003;58:561-566. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.7.561
  13. Stirling RG, Chung KF. Severe asthma: definition and mechanisms. Allergy 2001;56:825-840. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00143.x
  14. Afzal M, Tharratt RS. Mechanical ventilation in severe asthma. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2001;20:385-397. https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:20:3:385
  15. Robinson DS, Campbell DA, Durham SR, et al. Systematic assessment of difficult-to-treat asthma. Eur Respir J 2003;22:478-483. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00017003
  16. Proceedings of the ATS workshop on refractory asthma: current understanding, recommendations, and unanswered questions: American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:2341-2351. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.ats9-00
  17. Barnes PJ, Woolcock AJ. Difficult asthma. Eur Respir J 1998;12:1209-1218. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.98.12051209
  18. Chung KF, Godard P, Adelroth E, et al. Diff icult/therapy-resistant asthma: the need for an integrated approach to define clinical phenotypes, evaluate risk factors, understand pathophysiology and f ind novel therapies: ERS Task Force on Difficult/Therapy-Resistant Asthma: European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 1999;13:1198-1208.
  19. Bousquet J, Mantzouranis E, Cruz AA, et al. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:926-938.
  20. Braunstahl GJ, Hellings PW. Allergic rhinitis and asthma: the link further unraveled. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2003;9:46-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/00063198-200301000-00008
  21. Adams RJ, Fuhlbrigge AL, Finkelstein JA, Weiss ST. Intranasal steroids and the risk of emergency department visits for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:636-642.
  22. Senior BA, Kennedy DW. Management of sinusitis in the asthmatic patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996;77:6-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63473-4
  23. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program: expert panel report: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma update on selected topics: 2002. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;110(5 Suppl):S141-S219.
  24. Sandford AJ, Chagani T, Zhu S, et al. Polymorphisms in the IL4, IL4RA, and FCERIB genes and asthma severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106(1 Pt 1):135-140.
  25. Spiteri MA, Bianco A, Strange RC, Fryer AA. Polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTP1 locus: a novel mechanism for susceptibility and development of atopic airway inf lammation. Allergy 2000;55 Suppl 61:15-20.
  26. Braunstahl GJ. United airways concept: what does it teach us about systemic inf lammation in airways disease? Proc Am Thorac Soc 2009;6:652-654. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.200906-052DP
  27. Bousquet J, Schunemann HJ, Samolinski B, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130:1049-1062.
  28. Takeyama K, Fahy JV, Nadel JA. Relationship of epidermal growth factor receptors to goblet cell production in human bronchi. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:511-516. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.2.2001038
  29. Leynaert B, Neukirch C, Kony S, et al. Association between asthma and rhinitis according to atopic sensitization in a population-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;113:86-93.
  30. Ciprandi G, Cirillo I. The lower airway pathology of rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:1105-1109.
  31. Townley RG, Ryo UY, Kolotkin BM, Kang B. Bronchial sensitivity to methacholine in current and former asthmatic and allergic rhinitis patients and control subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1975;56:429-442.
  32. Madonini E, Briatico-Vangosa G, Pappacoda A, Maccagni G, Cardani A, Saporiti F. Seasonal increase of bronchial reactivity in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;79:358-363.
  33. Jang AS. Nasal eosinophilic inflammation contributes to bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Korean Med Sci 2002;17:761-764.
  34. Ramsdale EH, Morris MM, Roberts RS, Hargreave FE. Asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;75:573-577.
  35. Jang AS, Choi IS. Eosinophil activation markers in induced sputum in asthmatics. Korean J Intern Med 2000;15:1-7.
  36. Corren J. The impact of allergic rhinitis on bronchial asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101(2 Pt 2):S352-S356.
  37. Gutierrez V, Prieto L, Torres V, Morales C, Gonzalez E. Peak flow variability and sputum eosinophilia in allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998;81:143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62801-3
  38. Jang AS, Kim SH, Kim TB, et al. Impact of atopy on asthma and allergic rhinitis in the cohort for reality and evolution of adult asthma in Korea. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2013;5:143-149. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2013.5.3.143
  39. Moore WC, Bleecker ER, Curran-Everett D, et al. Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:405-413.
  40. Lethbridge-Cejku M, Rose D, Vickerie J; National Health Interview Survey (US); National Center for Health Statistics (US). Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2004. Hyattsville: US Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2006.
  41. Rosenfeld RM, Andes D, Bhattacharyya N, et al. Clinical practice guideline: adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;137(3 Suppl):S1-S31.
  42. Pearlman AN, Chandra RK, Chang D, et al. Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2009;23:145-148. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3284
  43. Ragab S, Scadding GK, Lund VJ, Saleh H. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis and its effects on asthma. Eur Respir J 2006;28:68-74. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.06.00043305
  44. van Agthoven M, Fokkens WJ, van de Merwe JP, Marijke van Bolhuis E, Uyl-de Groot CA, Busschbach JJ. Quality of life of patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis: effects of filgrastim treatment. Am J Rhinol 2001;15:231-237.
  45. Wensing M, Vingerhoets E, Grol R. Functional status, health problems, age and comorbidity in primary care patients. Qual Life Res 2001;10:141-148. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016705615207
  46. Pleis JR, Lethbridge-Cejku M; National Health Interview Survey (US); National Center for Health Statistics (US) Division of Health Interview Statistics. Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2006. Hyattsville: US Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2007.
  47. Chen Y, Dales R, Lin M. The epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis in Canadians. Laryngoscope 2003;113:1199-1205. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200307000-00016
  48. Min YG, Jung HW, Kim HS, Park SK, Yoo KY. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic sinusitis in Korea: results of a nationwide survey. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1996;253:435-439.
  49. Liou A, Grubb JR, Schechtman KB, Hamilos DL. Causative and contributive factors to asthma severity and patterns of medication use in patients seeking specialized asthma care. Chest 2003;124:1781-1788. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.124.5.1781
  50. ten Brinke A, Sterk PJ, Masclee AA, et al. Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma. Eur Respir J 2005;26:812-818. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00037905
  51. Lotvall J, Ekerljung L, Lundback B. Multi-symptom asthma is closely related to nasal blockage, rhinorrhea and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis-evidence from the West Sweden Asthma Study. Respir Res 2010;11:163. https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-11-163
  52. Bresciani M, Paradis L, Des Roches A, et al. Rhinosinusitis in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:73-80.
  53. Bousquet J, Bullinger M, Fayol C, Marquis P, Valentin B, Burtin B. Assessment of quality of life in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis with the French version of the SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994;94(2 Pt 1):182-188.
  54. ten Brinke A, Grootendorst DC, Schmidt JT, et al. Chronic sinusitis in severe asthma is related to sputum eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:621-626.

피인용 문헌

  1. Asthma control among adults in Saudi Arabia : Study of determinants vol.36, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.5.10929
  2. Comorbidities of asthma and the unified airway : Comorbidities of asthma and the unified airway vol.5, pp.suppl1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21615
  3. Pulmonary Function of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Impact of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery vol.1, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1177/2473974x17738759
  4. Sex-specific association between asthma and hypertension in nationally representative young Korean adults vol.7, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15722-w
  5. Pulmonary function of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and the impact of endoscopic sinus surgery vol.34, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4103/ejo.ejo_99_16
  6. Economic burden of multimorbidity in patients with severe asthma: a 20-year population-based study vol.74, pp.12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213223