Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제26권2호
  • /
  • Pages.241-246
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Vitamin Levels and Different Stocking Densities on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Characteristics of Growing Pigs

  • Zhang, Z.F. (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Li, J. (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Park, J.C. (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration of Korea) ;
  • Kim, In Ho (Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University)
  • 투고 : 2012.08.11
  • 심사 : 2012.10.05
  • 발행 : 2013.02.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin levels and stocking densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics in growing pigs. A $2{\times}3$ factorial (two vitamin levels, three regimens of stocking densities) arrangement was utilized with 96 pigs ($23.10{\pm}0.95$ kg initial body weight and 63 d of age) for 36 d. The pigs were allocated to pens with different stocking density (0.64, 0.48, and 0.38 $m^2/pig$, respectively). The diets used in this study were a normal diet (based on NRC) and a high level of vitamin diet (2-fold higher than normal diet). The ADG and ADFI of pigs were decreased as the stocking density increased (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). The G/F of pigs was 5% lower in the high vitamin treatment (p = 0.03) as compared with the control treatment. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N digestibility was negatively affected by the high level of vitamin in diets (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, a significant and negative effect on the ATTD of N was detected in the large groups (linear, p = 0.02). Blood cortisol concentration was increased with increasing stocking density (linear, p = 0.05), and was decreased by high level of vitamin (p = 0.04) at the end of this experiment. Stocking density also caused a linear reduction in WBC concentration (p = 0.05). Our data indicated that the principal effect of stocking density was not reliant on dietary vitamin levels. In conclusion, results indicated that doubling the vitamin supplementation did not improve the growth performance of pigs in high density. However, the blood cortisol concentration was decreased but the ATTD of N digestibility was impaired by high level of vitamin diet.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. AOAC. 1995. Official method of the analysis of the association of official analytical chemists, 16th edn. Washington, DC, USA.
  2. Borg, B. S., G. W. Libal and R. C. Wahlstrom. 1987. Tryptophan and threonine requirements of young pigs and their effects on serum calcium, phosphorus and zinc concentrations. J. Anim. Sci. 64:1070-1078.
  3. Brumm, M. C., M. Ellis, L. J. Johnston, D. W. Rozeboom and D. R. Zimmerman. 2001. Interaction of swine nursery and grow-finish space allocations on performance. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1967-1972.
  4. Chapple, R. P. 1993. Effect of stocking arrangement on pig performance. Manipul. Pig Prod. (Proc. 4th Bienn. Conf. Australas. Pig Sci. Assoc.). 4:87-97.
  5. Cho, J. H., H. J. Monegue, M. D. Lindemann and G. L. Cromwell. 2010. Influence of crowding stress during the nursery period on growth performance of gilts and barrows. J. Anim. Sci. 88:736 (Abstr.).
  6. Cole, N. A. 1992. Influence of postfast dietary crude protein and phosphorus content on nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium repletion in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2893-2900.
  7. Cooper, T. A., M. P. Roberts, H. G. Kattesh and C. J. Kojima. 2009. Effects of transport stress, gender, and weaning weight on post-weaning performance in pigs. Prof. Anim. Sci. 25:189-194.
  8. Dantzer, R. and P. Mormede. 1983. Stress in farm animals: A need for reevaluation. J. Anim. Sci. 57:6-18.
  9. Gatlin, D. M., W. E. Poe, R. P. Wilson, A. J. Ainsworth and P. R. Bowser. 1986. Effects of stockingdensity and vitamin C status on vitamin E-adequate and vitamin E-deficient fingerling channel catfish. Aquaculture 56:187-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90334-0
  10. Gonyou, H. W., R. P. Chapple and G. R. Frank. 1992. Productivity, time budgets and social aspects of eating in pigs penned in groups of five or individually. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 34:291-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80090-5
  11. Gonyou, H. W. and W. R. Stricklin. 1998. Effects of floor area allowance and group size on the productivity of growing/finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1326-1330.
  12. Henry, J. P. 1982. The relation of social to biological processes in disease. Soc. Sci. Med. 16:369-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(82)90047-8
  13. Hyun, Y. and M. Ellis. 2001. Effect of group size and feeder type on growth performance and feeding patterns in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:803-810.
  14. Kerr, C. A., L. R. Giles, M. R. Jones and A. Reverter. 2005. Effects of grouping unfamiliar cohorts, high ambient temperature and stocking density on live performance of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 83:908-915.
  15. Kojima, C. J., S. J. Jenkins, T. A. Cooper, M. P. Roberts, J. A. Carroll and H. G. Kattesh. 2009. Effects of syndyphalin-33 on feed intake and circulating measures of growth hormone, cortisol, and immune cell populations in the recently weaned pig. J. Anim. Sci. 87:3218-3225. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2033
  16. Kornegay, E. T. and D. R. Notter. 1984. Effects of floor space and number of pigs per pen on performance. Pig News Info. 5:23-33.
  17. Krohn, T. C., L. Ellegaard and A. K. Hansen. 2000. A preliminary study of the impact of stocking density on the behaviour of group housed Gottingen Minipigs. Scand. J. Lab. Anim. Sci. 27:203-210.
  18. Nielsen, B. L. and A. B. Lawrence. 1993. The effect of group size on the behavior and performance of growing pigs using computerized single-space feeders. Pig News Inform. 14:127-129.
  19. NRC. 1998. Nutrient requirement of swine, 10th rev. Natl. Acad. Press. Washington, DC, USA.
  20. Peeters, E., B. Driessen, R. Steegmans, D. Henot and R. Geers. 2004. Effect of supplemental tryptophan, vitamin E, and a herbal product on responses by pigs to vibration. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2410-2420.
  21. Peeters, E., A. Neyt, F. Beckers, S. De Smet, A. E. Aubert and R. Geers. 2005. Influence of supplemental magnesium, tryptophan, vitamin C, and vitamin E on stress responses of pigs to vibration. J. Anim. Sci. 83:1568-1580.
  22. Sachser, N. 1994. Social stratification and health in non-human mammals-a case study in guinea pigs. In: Social stratification and socioeconomic inequality (Ed. L. Ellis). Praeger, Westport. pp. 113-121.
  23. Sahin, K., N. Sahin and O. Kucuk. 2003. Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature ($32^{\circ}C$). Nutr. Res. 23:225-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00513-4
  24. SAS. 1996. SAS user's guide. Release 6. 12th edn. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
  25. Walker, N. 1991. The effects on performance and behaviour of number of pigs per mono-place feeder. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 35:3-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(91)90094-9
  26. White, H. M., B. T. Richert, A. P. Schinckel, J. R. Burgess, S. S. Donkin and M. A. Latour. 2008. Effects of temperature stress on growth performance and bacon quality in grow-finish pigs housed at two densities. J. Anim. Sci. 86:1789-1798. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0801
  27. Yen, J. T. and W. G. Pond. 1987. Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin C or carbadox on weanling pigs subjected to crowding stress. J. Anim. Sci. 64:1672-1681.

피인용 문헌

  1. Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy vol.18, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071595
  2. Effects of different space allowances on growth performance, blood profile and pork quality in a grow-to-finish production system vol.30, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0076
  3. Evaluation of correlation between crude protein levels and different space allowances under sawdust bed feeding system on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and odour emission vol.99, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0132
  4. Effects of group size and homeopathic product supplement consisting of botanicals and mineral mixture on the performance and production traits of finishing pigs vol.101, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2020-0176