한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식 (Development and Reproduction)

  • 제17권4호
  • /
  • Pages.435-440
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 2465-9525(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2465-9541(eISSN)
한국발생생물학회 (The Korean Society of Developmental Biology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Intratesticular Injection of Hypertonic Saline: Non-Invasive Alternative Method for Animal Castration Model

  • 투고 : 2013.11.27
  • 심사 : 2013.12.21
  • 발행 : 2013.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that the intratesticular injection of hypertonic saline (20%) decreased serum testosterone level which was similar to the surgical castration in the rat, showing the state of chemical castration. In the present study, we further verify the efficacy of this less invasive method as an alternative of surgical orchidectomy in the andrological field. Sterilized 20% saline was directly injected into the adult male rats (750 ${\mu}l$ per testis). The tested rats were divided into 3 groups including intact group (intact), orchidectomy group (ORX) and saline injection group (SAL) after bilateral orchidectomy was performed at the same day of injection. All rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after injection. The reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostates) were collected and used for DNA and protein pattern analyses. Also, patho-histological studies on the testes were performed. In contrast to the intact group, similar DNA damages of testis and seminal vesicle were appeared in ORX group and SAL group. The DNA degradations seemed to be the results of necrosis rather than apoptosis. In the protein pattern analysis, all the testing tissues exerted similar patterns in the ORX group and the SAL group compared to the those of intact group. Patho-histological studies revealed that severe degenerative changes in testicular seminiferous tubules and massive infiltration of immune cells in SAL group. The present study confirmed that direct injection of hypertonic saline into the testis caused the equivalent biochemical changes in the accessory sex organs as shown in the orchidectomized animals. These results suggest that hypertonic saline injection model could be a useful castration model which can substitute for surgical castration when its safety is secured through further study in the future.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Brito LF, Sertich PL, Rives W, Knobbe M, Del Piero F, Stull GB (2011) Effects of intratesticular zinc gluconate treatment on testicular dimensions, echodensity, histology, sperm production, and testosterone secretion in American black bears (Ursus americanus). Theriogenology 75:1444-1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.036
  2. D'Agostino A, Jones R, White R, Parker MG (1980) Androgenic regulation of messenger RNA in rat epididymis. Biochem J 190(3):505-512.
  3. Damber JE (2005) Endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 44(6):605-609. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841860510029743
  4. Emir L, Dadali M, Sunay M, Erol D, Caydere M, Ustun H (2008) Chemical castration with intratesticular injection of 20% hypertonic saline: a minimally invasive method. Urol Oncol 26(4):392-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.05.013
  5. Emir L, Sunay M, Yalbuzdag O, Karakaya Y, Erol D (2011) Hormonal and pathologic changes after chemoablation of testes with hypertonic saline solution as a treatment method alternative to orchiectomy in patients with hormone sensitive metastatic prostatic cancer. Urol Oncol 29:212-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.12.021
  6. Galluzzi L, Kroemer G (2011) Necroptosis turns TNF lethal. Immunity 35(6):849-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2011.12.004
  7. Jana K, Samanta PK (2006) Evaluation of single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for nonsurgical sterilization in adult albino rats. Contraception 73(3): 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2005.07.011
  8. Jana K, Samanta PK (2007) Sterilization of male stray dogs with a single intratesticular injection of calcium chloride: a dose-dependent study. Contraception 75:390- 400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.022
  9. Jana K, Samanta PK, Ghosh D (2002) Dose-dependent response to an intratesticular injection of calcium chloride for induction of chemosterilization in adult albino rats. Vet Res Commun 26(8):651-673. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020976905746
  10. Jones R, Brown CR, Von Glos KI, Parker MG. (1980) Hormonal regulation of protein synthesis in the rat epididymis. Characterization of androgen-dependent and testicular fluid-dependent proteins. Biochem J 188(3): 667-76.
  11. Kaczmarek A, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV (2013) Necroptosis: the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and its physiological relevance. Immunity 38(2):209-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.003
  12. Krysko DV, Vanden Berghe T, D'Herde K, Vandenabeele P (2008) Apoptosis and necrosis: detection, discrimination and phagocytosis. Methods 44(3):205-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.12.001
  13. Kwak BK, Lee C-S, Lee S-H (2010) Histological changes in rat testis by injection of hypertonic saline. Dev Reprod 14:281-286.
  14. Moul JW (2007) Timely diagnosis of testicular cancer. Urol Clin North Am 34(2):109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2007.02.003
  15. Nikoletopoulou V, Markaki M, Palikaras K, Tavernarakis N (2013) Crosstalk between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1833(12):3448-3459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.001
  16. Oefelein MG, Cornum R (2000) Failure to achieve castrate levels of testosterone during luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist therapy: the case for monitoring serum testosterone and a treatment decision algorithm. J Urol 164(3 Pt 1):726-729. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67290-4
  17. Oliveira EC, Moura MR, de Sa MJ, Silva VA Jr, Kastelic JP, Douglas RH, Marques AP Jr (2012) Permanent contraception of dogs induced with intratesticular injection of a zinc gluconate-based solution. Theriogenology 77:1056-1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.008
  18. Steinberg M (2009) Degarelix: a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist for the management of prostate cancer. Clin Ther 31(Pt 2):2312-2331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.11.009
  19. Toney TW, Danzo BJ (1989) Estrogen and androgen regulation of protein synthesis by the immature rabbit epididymis. Endocrinology 125(1):231-242. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-125-1-231
  20. Vanden Berghe T, Vanlangenakker N, Parthoens E, Deckers W, Devos M, Festjens N, Guerin CJ, Brunk UT, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P (2010) Necroptosis, necrosis and secondary necrosis converge on similar cellular disintegration features. Cell Death Differ 17(6):922-930. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2009.184
  21. Wiebe JP, Barr KJ (1984) The control of male fertility by 1,2,3-trihydroxypropan (THP; glycerol): rapid arrest of spermatogenesis without altering libido, accessory organs, gonadal steroidogenesis and serum testosterone. LH and FSH. Contraception 29:291-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-7824(84)80009-8