Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
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Cigarette Smoking and other Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer Death in a Japanese Population: Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC study)

  • Washio, Masakazu (Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine) ;
  • Mori, Mitsuru (Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine) ;
  • Mikami, Kazuya (Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine) ;
  • Miki, Tsuneharu (Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine) ;
  • Watanabe, Yoshiyuki (Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine) ;
  • Nakao, Masahiro (Department of Urology, Shimanto City Hospital) ;
  • Kubo, Tatsuhiko (Department of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health) ;
  • Suzuki, Koji (Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences) ;
  • Ozasa, Kotaro (Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation) ;
  • Wakai, Kenji (Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Tamakoshi, Akiko (Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine)
  • Published : 2013.11.30
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Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoking is the largest single recognized cause of human cancers. In Western countries, many epidemiologists have reported risk factors for kidney cancer including smoking. However, little is known about the Japanese population. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the association of smoking with the risk of kidney cancer death in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Participants included 46,395 males and 64,190 females. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine age-and-sex adjusted relative risks. Results: A total of 62 males and 26 females died from kidney cancer during the follow-up of 707,136 and 1,025,703 person-years, respectively. Heavy smokers (Brinkman index >1200), fondness of fatty foods, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity were suggested to increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma while walking was suggested to decrease the risk. Even after controlling for age, sex, alcohol drinking and DM, heavy smoking significantly increased the risk. Conclusions: The present study suggests that six factors including smoking may increase and/or reduce the risk of kidney cancer in the Japanese population. Because of the small number of outcomes, however, we did not evaluate these factors after adjusting for all possible confounding factors. Further studies may be needed to confirm the findings in this study.

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References

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