Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationship Between the Body Mass Index and Abnormal Pap Smears

  • Prompakay, Russameekae (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Promthet, Supannee (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Kamsa-ard, Siriporn (Department of Biostatistics and Demography, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Suwanrungruang, Krittika (Cancer Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Wiangnon, Surapon (Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Bradshaw, Peter (Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University)
  • Published : 2013.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This cross-sectional analytic study aimed to investigate any relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and an abnormal Pap smear. The subjects were 7,720 women aged 30-69 years who lived in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, and had been recruited as participants in the Khon Kaen Cohort Study during 1990-2001. All had received Pap smear screening for cervical cancer. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between body mass index and an abnormal Pap smear. The mean BMI was $24.53kg/m^2$ (SD=3.98), and 2.14% had abnormal Pap smears. Compared with the reference group of women with a BMI ${\leq}22.9kg/m^2$, those with a body mass index of $23.0-24.9kg/m^2$ had a reduced risk of an abnormal smear (ORadj=0.92, 95%CI: 0.57-1.47), but women with a BMI $25.0-29.9kg/m^2$ were found to have an approximately 1.24 times higher risk ($OR_{adj}=1.24$, 95%CI: 0.86-1.80), and those with a BMI ${\geq}30.0kg/m^2$ had an approximately 1.63 times higher risk ($OR_{adj}=1.63$, 95%CI: 0.98-2.69). The results indicated that the risk of Pap smear abnormalities is increased in women who have a higher than normal body mass index, but this finding was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, public health personnel should encourage women to maintain their BMI in the normal range to reduce the possible future risk of cervical cancer.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn S, Lee YY, Sung JY, et al (2012). Body mass index and outcome of ASC-H-interpreted cervical smears in postmenopausal women. Acta Cytologica, 56, 259-65. https://doi.org/10.1159/000337448
  2. Appleby P, Beral V, de Gonzalez AB, et al (2007). Cervical cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data for 16,573 women with cervical cancer and 35,509 women without cervical cancer from 24 epidemiological studies. Lancet, 370, 1609-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61684-5
  3. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, et al (2003). Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. New Engl J Med, 348, 1625-38. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa021423
  4. Claeys P, Gonzalez C, Gonzalez M, et al (2002). Temmerman M. Prevalence and risk factors of sexually transmitted infections and cervical neoplasia in women's health clinics in Nicaragua. STI, 78, 204-7.
  5. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al (2010a). Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer, 127, 2893-917. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25516
  6. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al (2010b). GLOBOCAN 2008 v1.2, Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevence Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No.10. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
  7. Jee SH, Yun JE, Park EJ, et al (2008). Body mass index and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Int J Cancer, 123, 1892-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23719
  8. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al (2011). Global cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin, 61, 69-90. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107
  9. Khuhaprema T, Attasara P, Sriplung H, et al (2012a). Cancer in Thailand Vol. VI, 2004-2006. Bangkok: Ministry of Public Health.
  10. Khuhaprema T, Attasara P, Srivatanakul P, et al (2012b). Organization and evolution of organized cervical cytology screeningin Thailand. Int J Gynecol and Obstetrics, 118, 107-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.03.031
  11. Kruger-Kjaer S, van den Brule AJC, Svare EI, et al (1998). Different risk factor patterns for high-grade and low-grade intraepithelial lesions on the cervix among HPV-positive and HPV-negative young women. Int J Cancer, 76, 613-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980529)76:5<613::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-T
  12. Lacey JV Jr, Swanson CA, Brinton LA, et al (2003). Obesity as a potential risk factor for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Cancer, 98, 814-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11567
  13. Lee JK, So KA, Piyathilake CJ, et al (2013). Mild obesity, physical activity, calorie intake, and the risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. PLoS ONE, 8, 66555. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066555
  14. Meisinger C, Heier M, Loewel H (2004). The relationship between body weight and health care among German women. Obesity Res, 12, 1473-80. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.184
  15. Maruthur NM, Bolen SD, Brancati FL, et al (2009). The association of obesity and cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity, 17, 375-81. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.480
  16. Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, Negri E, et al (1988). Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the cervix: a case-control study. Bri J Cancer, 57, 201-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1988.43
  17. Peirson L, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Ciliska D, Warren R (2013). Screening for cervical cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Systematic Reviews, 2, 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-2-35
  18. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, et al (2008). Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet, 371, 569-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60269-X
  19. Rositch AF, Silver MI, Burke A, et al (2013). The correlation between human papillomavirus positivity and abnormal cervical cytology result differs by age among perimenopausal women. J Lower Genital Tract Dis, 17, 38-47. https://doi.org/10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182503402
  20. Siiteri PK (1987). Adipose tissue as a source of hormones. Am J Clin Nutr, 45, 277-82. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.1.277
  21. Sriamporn S, Parkin DM, Pisani P, et al (2005). A prospective study of diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors and the risk of cancer in Khon Kaen Province, northeast Thailand: description of the cohort. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 6, 295-303.
  22. Ward KK, Berenson AB, Breitkopf CR (2011). Passive smoke exposure and abnormal cervical cytology in a predominantly Hispanic population. Am J Obstetrics and Gynecol, 204, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.11.002
  23. Wolk A, Gridley G, Svensson M, et al (2001). A prospective study of obesity and cancer risk. Cancer Causes and Control, 12, 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008995217664
  24. Wright TC, Cox JT, Massad LS, et al (2002). 2001 Consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities. J Am Med Assoc, 287, 2120-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.16.2120

Cited by

  1. Cervical Cytological Screening Results of 8,495 Cases in Turkey - Common Inflammation but Infrequent Epithelial Cell Abnormalities? vol.15, pp.13, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.13.5127
  2. The impact of environmental and behavioural cofactors on the development of cervical disorders in HR-HPV-infected women in Serbia vol.146, pp.13, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818001668