Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Barriers and Facilitating Factors Perceived in Turkish Women's Behaviors Towards Early Cervical Cancer Detection: A Qualitative Approach

  • Ersin, Fatma (Public Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Harran University) ;
  • Bahar, Zuhal (Public Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University)
  • Published : 2013.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate perceived inhibiting and facilitating factors concerning cervical cancer early diagnosis behavior in Turkish women over the age of 40. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out by qualitative focus group interview with 35 participating women, in the period between April-June 2010. A semi-structured interview questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Model was used. Content analysis was applied to the study data. Results: Barriers such as lack of knowledge of women as regards to the cervical cancer and early detection, lack of sensitivity-negligence, forgetting, fear, inadequacy of health insurance and transportation, financial problems, inability to get an appointment, lack of female doctors, embarassment, fatalist approach were frequently addressed. As for facilitating factors, these included provision of information, health professionals showing interest and tolerance, free services, provision of transportation means and reminding telephone calls. Conclusions: Focus group interviews were found to be effective in determining inhibiting and facilitating factors concerning cervical cancer early diagnosis behavior. In line with the results of the study, preparation of structured national and regional education programs and their addition to curriculum programs may be effective in realizing and maintaining positive early detection behavior.

Keywords

References

  1. Agurto I, Bishop A, Sanchez G, et al (2004). Perceived barriers and benefits to cervical cancer screening in Latin America. Prev Med, 39, 91-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.040
  2. Arabaci Z, Ozsoy S (2012). The Pap smear test experience of women in Turkey - a qualitative study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 5687-90. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.11.5687
  3. Akyuz A, Guvenc G, Yavan T, et al (2006). Evaluation of the Pap smear test status of women and of the factors affecting this status. Gulhane Med J, 48, 25-8.
  4. Austin L, Ahmad F, McNally MJ, et al (2002). Breast and cervical cancer screening in Hispanic Women: a literature review using the Health Belief Model. Women's Health Issues, 12, 122-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-3867(02)00132-9
  5. Abdullahi A, Copping J, Kessel A, et al (2009). Cervical screening: perceptions and barriers to uptake among Somali women in Camden. Public Health, 123, 680-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2009.09.011
  6. Boyer LE, Williams M, Callister LC, et al (2001). Hispanic women's perceptions regarding cervical cancer screening. JOGNN, 30, 240-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2001.tb01541.x
  7. Champion VL, Skinner CS (2008). The health belief model. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath KV, eds. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc. 46-65.
  8. Curbow B, Bowie J, Garza M, et al (2004). Community-based cancer screening programs in older populations: making progress, but can we do better? Prev Med, 38, 676-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.015
  9. Elo S, Kyngas H (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. JAN, 62, 107-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
  10. Facione NC, Dodd MJ, Holzemer W, et al (1997). Help seeking for self discovered breast symptoms, Implications for early detection. Cancer Practice, 5, 220-7.
  11. Fang C, Ma GX, Tan Y, et al (2007). A multifaceted intervention to increase cervical cancer screening among underserved Korean women. Cancer Epidem Biomar, 16, 1298-302. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0091
  12. Hochbaum GM (1958). Subsequently modified by other authors. Health Belief Model: http://www.courseweb.uottawa.ca/epi6181/images/Health_Belief_Model_review.pdf.
  13. Guilfoyle S, Franco R, Gorin SS (2007). Exploring older women's approaches to cervical cancer screening. Health Care for Women Int, 28, 930-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399330701615358
  14. Isikli B, Ozalp S, Oner U, et al (2007). PAP smear screening among married women living in Osamangazi University ALPU training area. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 8, 60-2.
  15. Juon H, Seung-Lee C, Klassen AC (2003). Predictors of regular Pap smears among Korean-American women. Prev Med, 37, 585-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.006
  16. Mete S (1998). The effects of nursing approach to the alleriatation anxiety of the women coming the jynecologic examination. J Cumhurıyet University School of Nur, 2, 1-8.
  17. Kim H, Kim H, Lee KJ, et al (2004). Cervical cancer screening in Korean American women: findings from focus group interviews. J Korean Acad Nurs, 34, 617-24. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.4.617
  18. Lee-Lin F, Lee K, Lee S, et al (2007). Cervical cancer beliefs and Pap test screening practices among Chinese American immigrants. Oncol Nurs Forum, 34, 1203-9. https://doi.org/10.1188/07.ONF.1203-1209
  19. Mandelblatt JM, Pett M, Menon U, et al (2000). Breast and cervical cancer screening for older women. recommendations and challenges for the 21st century. J Am Med Wom Assoc, 55, 210-5.
  20. McFarland DM (2003). Cervical cancer and Pap smear screening in Botswana: knowledge and perceptions. Int Nurs Rev, 50, 167-75. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-7657.2003.00195.x
  21. Nahcivan N, Secginli S (2007). Health beliefs related to breast self examination in a sample of Turkish women. Oncol Nurs Forum, 34, 425-32. https://doi.org/10.1188/07.ONF.425-432
  22. Ogedegbe G, Cassells AN, Robinson CM, et al (2005). Perceptions of barriers and facilitators of cancer early detection among low-income minority women in community health centers. J Am Med Wom Assoc, 97, 162-70.
  23. Pender N, Murdaugh CL, Parsons MA (2006). Health promotion in nursing practice, fifth edition, pearson education, New Jersey.
  24. Polit DF, Beck CT (2004). Nursing Resrach. Principles and Metods. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
  25. Remennick L (2006). The challenge of early breast cancer detection among immigrant and minority women in multicultural societies. Breast J, 12, 103-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00217.x
  26. Smith RA, Cokkinides V, Eyre HJ (2003). American cancer society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, 2003. CA-Cancer J Clin, 53, 27-43. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.53.1.27
  27. Taylor VM, Hislop TG, Jackson JC, et al (2002). Randomized controlled trial of interventions to promote cervical cancer screening among Chinese in North America. J Natl Cancer I, 94, 670-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/94.9.670
  28. Van Til L, MacQuarrie C, Herbert R (2003). Understanding the barriers to cervical cancer. Screening among older women. Qual Health Res, 13, 1116-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303255975
  29. Walter LC, Lindquist K, Covinsky KE (2004). Relationship between health status and use of screening mammography and Papanicolaou smears among women older than 70 years of age. Ann Intern Med, 140, 681-8. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-9-200405040-00007
  30. Were E, Nyaberi, Buziba N (2011). Perceptions of risk and barriers to cervical cancer screening at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya. Afr Health Sci, 1, 58-64.
  31. Wong LP, Wong YL, Low WY, et al (2009). Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer and screening among Malaysian women who have never had a pap smear: a qualitative study. Singap Med J, 50, 49-53.
  32. WHO (2002). Cervical Cancer Screening in Developing Countries, Report of a WHO Consultation, World Health Organization, Geneva.
  33. Yildirim A, Simsek H (2006). Qualitative Research Methods in Social Sciences, Seckin Publishing, Ankara.

Cited by

  1. Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Practice among Iranian Women in Hamedan, Iran vol.15, pp.16, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.16.6531
  2. Are Primary Health Care Workers Aware of Cervical Cancer Risk? vol.15, pp.16, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.16.6669
  3. Awareness and Practices Regarding Breast and Cervical Cancer among Turkish Women in Gazientep vol.15, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.3.1093
  4. Knowledge of Female Undergraduate Students on Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination in Klang Valley, Malaysia vol.16, pp.15, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.15.6231
  5. Readability, Suitability and Health Content Assessment of Cancer Screening Announcements in Municipal Newspapers in Japan vol.16, pp.15, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.15.6719
  6. Health Beliefs of Nursing Faculty Students about Breast Cancer and Self Breast Examination vol.16, pp.17, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.17.7731
  7. Health Beliefs and Breast Self-Examination among Undergraduate Female Students in Public Universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia vol.16, pp.9, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.9.4019
  8. Predictors affecting breast self-examination practice among undergraduate female students in Klang Valley, Malaysia vol.41, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.12819
  9. Mammographic Screening of Women Attending a Reference Service Center in Southern Brazil vol.17, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.3.1385
  10. Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Burkina Faso: Needs for Patient and Professional Education vol.31, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0898-9
  11. Knowledge About Cervical Cancer Risk Factors and Practices of Pap Testing Among Turkish Immigrant Women in the United States pp.1557-1920, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-017-0653-x