Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
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Water Balance and Pollutant Load Analyses according to LID Techniques for a Town Development

도시 개발 전·후 LID 기법 적용에 따른 물수지 및 오염부하 변동 특성

  • Park, Ji-Young (Environmental Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Lim, Hyun-Man (Environmental Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Lee, Hae-In (Environmental Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Yoon, Young-Han (Environmental Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Oh, Hyun-Je (Environmental Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Kim, Weon-Jae (Environmental Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Construction Technology)
  • 박지영 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구실) ;
  • 임현만 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구실) ;
  • 이혜인 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구실) ;
  • 윤영한 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구실) ;
  • 오현제 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구실) ;
  • 김원재 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구실)
  • Received : 2013.09.27
  • Accepted : 2013.11.06
  • Published : 2013.11.30
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Abstract

According to the increase of impervious area due to the town development, the rate of infiltration generally lessens and that of runoff rises during wet weather events. And it is concerned that its impacts on water quality for the downstream water bodies due to the change of rainfall runoff patterns may also increase. To cope with these issues, LID (Low Impact Development) techniques which try to maintain the characteristics of rainfall runoff regardless of the town development have been introduced actively. However, the behaviors of each LID technique for rainfall runoff and pollutant loads is not understood sufficiently. In this study, considering the applications of some LID techniques, several sets of simulations using a distributed rainfall runoff model, SWMM-LID, have been conducted for D town whose development is progressing. As the results of the simulations, the rates of infiltration/storage have been decreased from 78% in the case before the town development to 15% after the development and increased again by 24% with LID techniques such as porous pavement, rain barrel and rain garden. The rates of runoff have been increased more than three times from 20% in the case before the development to 74% after the development, and they have also been decreased to 66% by the adoption of LID techniques. It has been simulated that porous pavement is more effective than others in the view point of the reduction of runoff and rain barrel is more attractive for the management of pollutant loads (TSS, BOD, COD, T-N and T-P). Therefore, if some LID techniques should be selected for the a new town, it could be concluded that some techniques with better infiltration functions are recommendable for the control of runoff, and ones with larger storage functions for the management of pollutant loads.

도시 개발 과정에서 토지이용 특성의 변화에 기인하는 불투수면적률의 증가에 따라 일반적으로 강우시 침투율은 감소하고, 유출률은 증가한다. 이에 따라 개발 이후 도시 내 하천 및 하류부 공공수역의 수질에 미치는 영향도 커질 것으로 우려되고 있다. 이러한 문제에 대응하기 위하여 도시 개발과정에서 가능한 개발 이전의 강우 유출특성을 유지하도록 하는 저영향 개발(LID, Low Impact Development) 기법의 도입이 활발하게 검토되고 있다. 그러나 다양한 LID 기법이 검토되고 있음에도 불구하고, 각 기법별로 강우 및 오염부하 유출특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해는 충분치 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 개발이 진행되고 있는 도시 지역을 대상으로 분포형 강우유출모형을 구축하여 모의를 수행하였다. 범용성이 높은 SWMM 모형을 이용하여 LID 기법 적용에 따른 도시 개발 전 후의 유출 및 오염부하 저감효과를 분석하였다. 모의결과, 침투/저류율은 개발 전보다 개발 후 78%에서 15%로 감소하였고, LID 기법(투수성포장, 빗물저류조, 빗물정원)을 적용한 결과 24%까지 다시 증가하였다. 또한 유출률은 개발 전 20%에서 개발 후 74%로 3배 이상 증가하였고, LID 기법 적용시 66%까지 저감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타나 그 효용성을 확인하였다. 본 모의에 적용한 LID 기법 중 강우유출 저감 측면에서는 투수성포장의 효율이 가장 높았고, 오염부하(TSS, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P) 저감 측면에서는 빗물저류조의 효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 도시 개발에 따른 유출 및 오염부하 저감을 고려하여 LID 기법을 선정할 경우, 강우유출 저감의 측면을 고려한다면 침투의 기능이 주요한 기법을 선정하고, 오염부하 저감의 측면을 고려한다면 저류의 기능이 주요한 기법을 선정하는 것이 효율적인 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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  1. Estimation of Stream Water Quality Changes Brought by a New Town Development vol.36, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2014.36.1.58