International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials

Korean Society of Sericultural Science (한국잠사학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

1-Deoxynojirimycin Content and Blood Glucose-Lowering Effect of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Extract Powder

  • Ryu, Kang-Sun (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Heui-Sam (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Kee-Young (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Ja (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Sung, Gyoo-Byung (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Ji, Sang-Deok (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Pil-Don (Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • Received : 2013.10.29
  • Accepted : 2013.11.15
  • Published : 2013.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated the 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) content of extracts from silkworm larvae at each developmental stage within three silkworm varieties. We also compared the content of the following polyhydroxylated alkaloids in the silkworm extracts: 1-DNJ, fagomine, and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB). In addition, we evaluated the glucose-lowering effects of silkworm extract powder in db/db mice. The 1-DNJ content was the highest in Yeonnokjam $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae and Hansaengjam $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae, which contained 18.4 mg/100 g dry weight and 18.3 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae exhibited a higher content of 1-DNJ than that of $5^{th}$ instar $5^{th}$ d larvae among all varieties. The glucose-lowering effects of silkworm extracts and Yeonnokjam powder were tested on db/db mice, and the blood glucose levels were found to decrease significantly in the YR70 group. Silkworm extracts (180 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, and 22.5 mg/kg) and acarbose (50 mg/kg) were administered orally for 4 wk. Changes in water intake were not statistically significant between control and silkworm extract-treated groups. Compared to the control group, blood glucose levels in the silkworm extract powder-treated group decreased in the 22.5 mg/kg/d group after being administered for 4 wk. This decrease was statistically significant. Furthermore, biochemical changes in the AST(Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(Alanine aminotransferase), TCHO(Total Cholesterol), TG(Triglyceride), LDL(Low density lipoprotein), and HDL(High density lipoprotein) levels in blood were not observed. However, statistically significant decreases in blood GLU in the 22.5 mg/kg/d group compared to that of the control group occurred. In addition, the epididymal fat weight of the silkworm extract powder-treated group decreased significantly in both the 22.5 mg/kg/d group and 180 mg/kg/d group compared to that of the control group, but there were no statistically significant changes in perirenal fat weight. These results demonstrate that silkworm extracts inhibit changes in blood glucose levels in model diabetic mice.

Keywords

References

  1. Asano N, Tomioka E, Kizu H, Oseki K, Matsui K (1994a) Sugars with nitrogen in the ring isolated from the leaves of Morus bombycis. Carbohydr. Res., 253(3), 235-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)80068-5
  2. Asano N, Kato A, Miyauchi M, Kizu H, Kameda Y, Watson AA, Nash RJ, Fleet GW (1998) Nitrogen containing furanose and pyranose analogues from Hyacinthus orientalis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(5), 625-628. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9705726
  3. Asano N, Yamashita T, Yasuda K, Ikeda K, Kizu H, Kameda Y, Kata A, Nash RJ, Lee HS, Ryu KS (2001) Polyhydroxylated alkaloids isolated from mulberry trees (Morus alba L.) and silkworms (Bombyx mori L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 49(9), 4208-4213. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010567e
  4. Han J, Inoue S, Isoda H (2007) Effects of silkworm powder on glucose absorption by human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. J. Nat. Med., 61(4), 387-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-007-0164-5
  5. Hughes AB, Rudge AJ (1994) Deoxynojirimycin: synthesis and biological activity. Nat. Prod. Rep., 11(2), 135-162. https://doi.org/10.1039/np9941100135
  6. Kim HS, Kim YH, Hong YS, Paek NS, Lee HS, Kim TH, Kim KW, Lee JJ (1999) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from commelina communis. Planta Med., 65(5), 437-439. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960803
  7. Kim JW, Kim SU, Lee HS, Kim I, Ahn MY, Ryu KS (2003) Determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in Morus alba L. leaves by derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate followed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. A, 1002(1-2), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00728-3
  8. Kimura T, Nakagawa K, Kubota H, Kojima Y, Yamaqishi K, Oita S, Oikawa S, Miyazawa T (2007) Food- grade mulberry powder enriched with 1-deoxynojirimycin suppresses the elevation of postprandial blood glucose in humans. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55(14), 5869-5874. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062680g
  9. Oku T, Yamada M, Nakamura M, Sadamori N, Nakamura S (2006) Inhibitory effects of extractives from leaves of Morus Alba on human and rat small intestinal disaccharidase activity. British J. of Nutrition 95, 933-938 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20061746
  10. Ryu KS, Lee HS, Chung SH, Kang PD (1997) An activity of lowering blood-glucose levels according to preparative conditions of silkworm powder. Korean J. Seric. Sci. 39, 79-85.
  11. Ryu KS, Lee HS, Kim SY (1999) Pharmacodynamic study of silkworm powder in mice administered to maltose, sucrose and lactose. Korean J. Sric. Sci. 41, 9-13.
  12. Ryu KS, Lee HS, Kim I (2002) Effects and mechanism of silkworm powder as a blood glucose lowering agent. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 4. 93-100.
  13. Yatsunami K, Ichida M, Onodera S (2008) The relationship between 1-deoxynojirimycin content and alphaglucosidase inhibitory activity in leaves of 276 mulberry cultivars (Morus spp.) in Kyoto. Jpn Nat. Med. (Tokyo), 62(1):63-66.
  14. Yoshikaki A, Hivonu M (1976) The structure of moranoline, a piperidine alkaloid form Morus species. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi, 50(11):571-572. https://doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.50.11_571
  15. Yoshikuni Y (1988) Inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia by moranoline and its N-alkyl derivatives. Agric. Biol. Chem., 52(1):121-128. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.52.121
  16. Yoshikuni Y, Ezure Y, Aoyagi Y, Enomoto H (1988) Inhibition of intestinal alpha- glucosidase and postprandial hyperglycemia by N-substituted moranoline derivatives. J. Pharmacobiodyn., 11(5):356-362. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb1978.11.356

Cited by

  1. Screening of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) producing bacteria using mulberry leaf vol.31, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2015.31.2.48
  2. Quantitative Analysis of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Content Using Silkworm Genetic Resources vol.29, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2014.29.2.162
  3. Nutrient compositions of Bombyx mori mature silkworm larval powders suggest their possible health improvement effects in humans vol.19, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.08.004
  4. ) powder vol.21, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2018.1508163
  5. Metabolism, transformation and dynamic changes of alkaloids in silkworm during feeding mulberry leaves pp.1478-6427, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1465422
  6. Nutrition composition differences among steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powders made from 3 Bombyx mori varieties weaving different colored cocoons vol.33, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2016.33.1.6
  7. Comparative effect of silkworm powder from 3 Bombyx mori varieties on ethanol-induced gastric injury in rat model vol.35, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2017.35.1.14
  8. Comparison of silkworm powder from 3 Bombyx mori varieties on alcohol metabolism in rats vol.35, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2017.35.1.22
  9. Quantification and comparison of functional phytochemicals in steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm powders and freeze-dried mulberry leaves vol.35, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2017.35.2.89
  10. Comparative Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Three Edible Insects: Mealworm Larvae, Adult Crickets, and Silkworm Pupae vol.8, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8110563
  11. Future prospects of insects as a biological resource in India: Potential biological products utilizing insects with reference to the frontier countries vol.51, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12507