KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)

Korean Society for Internet Information (한국인터넷정보학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Network Coding for Energy-Efficient Distributed Storage System in Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Wang, Lei (Computer Science School, Nanjing University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Yang, Yuwang (Computer Science School, Nanjing University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Zhao, Wei (Computer Science School, Nanjing University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Lu, Wei (Computer Science School, Nanjing University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2013.04.08
  • Accepted : 2013.08.28
  • Published : 2013.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A network-coding-based scheme is proposed to improve the energy efficiency of distributed storage systems in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). We mainly focus on two problems: firstly, consideration is given to effective distributed storage technology; secondly, we address how to effectively repair the data in failed storage nodes. For the first problem, we propose a method to obtain a sparse generator matrix to construct network codes, and this sparse generator matrix is proven to be the sparsest. Benefiting from this matrix, the energy consumption required to implement distributed storage is reduced. For the second problem, we designed a network-coding-based iterative repair method, which adequately utilizes the idea of re-encoding at intermediate nodes from network coding theory. Benefiting from the re-encoding, the energy consumption required by data repair is significantly reduced. Moreover, we provide an explicit lower bound of field size required by this scheme, which implies that it can work over a small field and the required computation overhead is very low. The simulation result verifies that the proposed scheme not only reduces the total energy consumption required to implement distributed storage system in WSNs, but also balances energy consumption of the networks.

Keywords

References

  1. X. Ge, J. hu, C.-X. Wang, C-H Youn, J. Zhang and X. Yang, "Energy Efficiency Analysis of MISO-OFDM Communication Systems Considering Power and Capacity Constraints," ACM Mobile Networks and Applications, Vol.17, No.1, pp. 29-35, Feb. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-011-0296-4
  2. L. Zhou, R. Hu, Y. Qian, and H.-H. Chen, "Energy-Spectrum Efficiency Tradeoff for Video Streaming over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 981-991, May 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2013.130516
  3. H. Weatherspoon and J. D. Kubiatowicz, "Erasure coding vs. replication: a quantitiative comparison," Peer-to-Peer Systems, pp. 328-337, 2002
  4. S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff and S.-T. Leung, "The Google file system," ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 29-43, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1145/1165389.945450
  5. Borthakur D. "The hadoop distributed file system: Architecture and design," Hadoop Project Website, 2007
  6. L. Rizzo, "Effective erasure codes for reliable computer communication protocols," ACM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 24-36, Apr. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1145/263876.263881
  7. L. Xu and J. Bruck, "X-code: MDS array codes with optimal encoding," IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, Vol. 45, pp. 272-276 , Jan. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1109/18.746809
  8. Ahlswede R, Cai N. "Network Information Flow," IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 1204-1216, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1109/18.850663
  9. S. Y. Li, R. Yeung, N. Cai. "Linear network coding," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 371-379, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2002.807285
  10. T. Ho, M. Medard, D. R. Karger, M. Effros, J. Shi, and B. Leong, "A random linear network coding approach to multicast," IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, Vol. 52, No. 10, pp. 4413-4430, Oct. 2004.
  11. P. A. Chou, Yunnan Wu, Kamal Jain, "Practical network coding," in Proc. of 41st Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 40-49, Oct. 2003.
  12. Yuwang Yang, Chunshan Zhong, Yamin Sun, Jingyu Yang, "Network coding based reliable disjoint and braided multipath routing for sensor networks," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Vol. 33, Issue 4, pp. 422-432, July 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2010.02.003
  13. N. J. A. Harvey, D. R. Karger, and K. Murota, "Deterministic network coding by matrix completion," in Proc. 16th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA 2005), pp. 489-498, Jan. 2005.
  14. S. Jaggi, P. Sanders, P. A. Chou, M. Effros, S. Egner, K. Jain, and L. M. G. M. Tolhuizen, "Polynomial time algorithms for multicast network code construction," IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 1973-1982, Jun. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2005.847712
  15. A. G. Dimakis and K. Ramchandran, "Network coding for distributed storage in wireless networks," Networked Sensing Information and Control, Signals and Communication Series, V. Saligrama, Springer Verlag, pp. 115-136, 2008.
  16. A. G. Dimakis, P. B. Godfrey, Y. Wu, M. Wainwright, and K. Ramchandran. "Network coding for distributed storage systems," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 56, No. 9. pp. 4539-4551, Sep. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2010.2054295
  17. Y. Hu, Y. Xu, X. Wang, C. Zhan, and P. Li. "Cooperative recovery of distributed storage systems from multiple losses with network coding," IEEE JSAC, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 268.276, Feb 2010.
  18. K. W. Shum, "Cooperative regenerating codes for distributed storage systems," in Proc. of Communications (ICC), 2011 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, pp. 1-5, 2011.
  19. A G Dimakis, K Ramchandran, Y Wu, "A survey on network codes for distributed storage," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 99, No. 3, pp. 476-489, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2010.2096170
  20. L. Wang, Y. W. Yang, W. Zhao and W. Lu. "NCStorage: A Prototype of Network Coding-based Distributed Storage System," TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 11, No.12, 2013.
  21. J Hirschfeld, "The main conjecture for MDS codes," Cryptography and Coding, pp. 44-52, 1995.
  22. A Varga, "OMNeT++ discrete event simulation system", http://www.omnetpp.org