DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

동물복지 관점에서의 한국 사육곰 구호정책 개선방안

Improvement Disciplines for Relief Policy of Breeding Bears at the Perspective of Animal Welfare in the Republic of Korea

  • 이정환 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학 조경학과) ;
  • 이관규 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학 조경학과) ;
  • 이민주 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학 조경학과) ;
  • 차진열 (국립공원관리공단)
  • Lee, Jung-Hwan (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Gwan-Gyu (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Min-Ju (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Cha, Jin-Yeol (Korea National Park Service.)
  • 투고 : 2013.09.09
  • 심사 : 2013.11.18
  • 발행 : 2013.12.31

초록

South Korea had encouraged farmers to breed bear to increase farmer's income since 1981. Currently farmers breed over thousand number of bears, however but the policy measures for breeding bears is expected to conflict the main stream of bear conservation due to South Korea belong to the member of CITES, which categorizes and manages bears under Wild Fauna and Flora Protection Act. Government needs to establish a special law containg the win-win relief strategy not only for farmers of breeding bears, but international corresponding policy. So, we have reviewed the domestic status and international trends on breeding bears, and suggest the alternative strategies of the policy such as a bear park, a bear village, use of species recovery center, use of a preservation organization. This policy should be accompanied with more detailed fact analysis, management agency, well equipped welfare facility and financial preparation for proper management of breeding bears against changing international trends on wildlife conservation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Animal Asia Foundation (AAF). 2007a. Performance Review, Financial Summary.
  2. Animal Asia Foundation (AAF). 2007b. Help Rescue 200 Moon Bears in Vietnam.
  3. Animal Asia Foundation (AAF). 2010. 20 Chinese provinces now bear-farm free after Animals Asia's dramatic rescue.
  4. Animal Asia Foundation (AAF). 2011. Information of Bear Farming Industry in China. AAF report, China.
  5. Clark, D. A. and Slocombe, D. S. 2011. Grizzly Bear conservation in the Foothills Model Forest:appraisal of a collaborative ecosystem management effort. Policy Sci. 44:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-010-9118-y
  6. Clark, D. A.․Lee, D. S.․Freeman, M. M. R. and Clark, S. G. 2008. Polar Bear Conservation in Canada:Defining the Policy Problems. 61(4):347-360.
  7. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). 2010. Appendices I, II and III:Valid from 14 October 2010.
  8. De Passille, A. M. and Rushen, J. 2005. Food safety and environmental issues in animal welfare. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'Office International des Epizooties. 24(2):757-766. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.24.2.1599
  9. Education for Nature Vietnam (ENV). 2006. Regulation on Management of Captive Bears.
  10. Education for Nature Vietnam (ENV). 2009. Bears tortured to meet Asian thirst for bile.
  11. Ericssona, G. and Heberlein, T. A. 2003. Attitudes of hunters, locals, and the general public in Sweden now that the wolves are back. Biological Conservation. 111(2):149-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00258-6
  12. Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC). 1979. Farm animal welfare council press statement.
  13. Foley, K. E.․Stengel, C. J. and Shepherd,C. R. 2011. Pills, Powders, Vials and lakes:the bear bile trade in Asia.
  14. Gordon, J. and Coppock, J. 1997. Ecosystem Management and Economic Development, in Marian F. Chertow and Daniel C. Esty eds., Thinking Ecologically:The Next Generation of Environmental Policy. 39-40.
  15. Green Korea. 2004. Korea bear bile trade survey report.
  16. Green Korea. 2006. Bear breeding policy in Korea, As it is good?
  17. Green Korea. 2007. Help Rescue 200 Moon Bears in Vietnam.
  18. Grumbine, R. E. 1994. What Is Ecosystem Management?, Conservation Biology. 8:31.
  19. Hanoi. 2008. Report on the review of Vietnam's wildlife trade policy.
  20. Horgan, R. 2006. EU animal welfare legislation:current position and future perspectives. In Proceedings of the Seminar Animal Welfare in Chile and the EU:Shared Experiences and Future Objectives. European Commission.
  21. Jo, G. H. et al., 2006. A Model of Animal Welfare Farming in Korea. MAFRA report.
  22. Korea Labor Committee. 2011. Special legislation for the management of breeding bears (Bill No. 9341).
  23. Loeffler, I. K.․Robinson, J. and Cochrane, G. 2009. Compromised health and welfare of bears farmed for bile in China. Animal Welfare. 18:225-235.
  24. Main, D. C. J.․Webster, A. J. F. and Green, L. E. 2001. Animal welfare assessment in farm assurance schemes. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Animal Science. 51(30):108-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/090647001316923171
  25. Mano, T. and Ishii, N. 2008. Bear gall bladder trade issues and a framework for bear management in Japan. Ursus 19(2):122-129. https://doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176-19.2.122
  26. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA). 2008. A Direction of promoting for Animal Protection and Welfare Policy.
  27. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2000. Nationwide Survey of breeding bears.
  28. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2005a. Breeding bear management guidelines.
  29. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2005b. 2005 Domestic breeding bear management positions for the Ministry of Environment. Press release of Divsion of Natural Resources of MOE.
  30. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2006. Comprehensive plan to restore endangered plant and animal growth (2006-2015).
  31. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2007. Specify other habitat conservation organization and management guidelines.
  32. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2008. Analysis of the first half of 2008 breeding bear management report results.
  33. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2010. Bear breeding management. Internal meeting materials in MOE.
  34. Mistry of Environment (MOE). 2012. Promotion Plan Survey for breeidng bears management plan. Internal meeting materials in MOE.
  35. Namyi, H. 2009. Report on Bear Research and Conservation in Cambodia.
  36. National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Services. 2007a. Status and research results abroad of Animal protection and welfare policy.
  37. National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Services. 2007b. Certification of Foreign Animal Welfare.
  38. Pullin, A. S. 2002. Conservation Biology. New York:Cambridge University Press.
  39. Seo, C. H. 2011. The Study to Challenge the Preparation and Management of Asiatic Black Bear Eco-Villages in Jiri Mountain. Korean Institute of Forest Recreation. 15(2):1-109.
  40. USA. 2008. Bear Protection Act of 2008.
  41. World Society for Protection of Animals (WSPA). 2005. Finding Herbal Alternatives to bear bile. WSPA Report.
  42. World Society for Protection of Animals (WSPA). 2010. Annual report and accounts 2010.
  43. http://www.freethebears.org.au
  44. http://www.bearpark.jp

피인용 문헌

  1. Research Trends in the Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) through Co-word Analysis vol.53, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2019.53.2.27