Phonetics and Speech Sciences (말소리와 음성과학)

Korean Society of Speech Sciences (한국음성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Production of Stops by Seoul and Yanbian Korean Speakers

  • Received : 2013.11.07
  • Accepted : 2013.12.10
  • Published : 2013.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigates dialectal differences in the acoustic properties of Korean lenis, aspirated, and tense stops Seoul Korean (standard Korean) and Yanbian Korean (spoken in the largest Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China). This production study the main acoustic cues that each dialect uses to mark the laryngeal distinction between the three types of Korean stops. Measurements included VOT, and the initial F0 of the following vowel. Data collected from 10 young Seoul Korean speakers, 10 young Yanbian Korean speakers, and 6 older Yanbian speakers. two key findings: First, aspirated and lenis stops are mainly differentiated by F0 in Seoul Korean, and by $H1^*-H2^*$ in Yanbian Korean. Second, there is no VOT merger between lenis and aspirated stops in Yanbian Korean, whereas there is in Seoul Korean. These results are discussed in terms of the phenomenon of VOT shift and the function of F0t is argued that the function of F0 to substitute for VOT difference as a primary cue for the coding of laryngeal contrast can be predicted by the pitch accent system of the language involved.

Keywords

References

  1. Abberton, E. (1972). Some laryngographic data for Korean stops. Journal of International Phonetic Association, 2(2), 67-78 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100300000517
  2. Abramson, A. S. & Lisker, L. (1972). Voice timing in Korean stops. In Proceedings of the VIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 439-446. The Hague: Mouton.
  3. Cho, M. (2004). An acoustical study of the stops of the Seoul and Daegu dialects. M.A. Thesis, Korea University.
  4. Cho, T. (1996). Vowel correlates to consonant phonation: an acoustic-perceptual study of Korean obstruents. M.A. Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.
  5. Cho, T., Jun, S. & Ladefoged, P. (2002). Acoustic and aerodynamic correlates of Korean stops and fricatives. Journal of Phonetics, 30(2), 193-228. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.2001.0153
  6. Cho, T. & McQueen, J. M. (2005). Prosodic influences on consonant production in Dutch: Effects of prosodic boundaries, phrasal accent and lexical stress. Journal of Phonetics, 33(2), 121-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2005.01.001
  7. Dart, S. N. (1987). An aerodynamic study of Korean stops consonants: measurements and modeling. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 181(1), 138-147.
  8. Han, J. I. (1996). The phonetics and phonology of 'tense' and 'plain' consonants in Korean. Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University.
  9. Han, M. S. & Weitzman, R. S. (1970). Acoustic features of Korean /P, T, K/, /p, t, k/ and /ph, th, kh/. Phonetica, 22(2), 112-128. https://doi.org/10.1159/000259311
  10. Han, N. (1998). A comparative acoustic study of Korean by native Korean children and Korean-American children. M.A. Thesis, UCLA.
  11. Hardcastle, W. J. (1973). Some observations on the tense-lax distinction in initial stops in Korean. Journal of Phonetics, 1, 263-272.
  12. Hirose, H., Lee, C. & Ushijima, T. (1974). Laryngeal control in Korean stop production. Journal of Phonetics, 2, 145-152.
  13. Holliday, J. and Kong, E. (2011). Dialectal variation in the acoustic correlates of Korean stops. ICPhS XVII, 878-881.
  14. Ito, C. & Kenstowicz, M. (2009a). Mandarin loanwords in Yanbian Korean I: laryngeal features. Phonological Studies, 12, 61-72.
  15. Ito, C. & Kenstowicz, M. (2009b). Mandarin loanwords in Yanbian Korean II: Tones. Language Research, 45(1), 85-109
  16. Jin, W. (2008). Sounds of Chinese Korean: a variationist approach. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington.
  17. Jun, S. (1992). The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Prosody, Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University.
  18. Jun, S., Beckman, M. & Lee, H. (1998). Fiberscopic evidence for the influence on vowel devoicing of the glottal configurations for Korean obstruents. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 96, 43-68.
  19. Kagaya, R. (1974). A fiberscopic and acoustic study of the Korean stops, affricates, and fricates. Journal of Phonetics, 2, 161-180.
  20. Kang, K. & Guion, S. (2006). Phonological systems in bilinguals: Age of learning effects on the stop consonant systems of Korean-English bilinguals. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 119(3), 1672-1683. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2166607
  21. Kang, K. & Guion, S. (2008). Clear speech production of Korean stops: Changing phonetic targets and enhancement strategies. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(6), 3909-3917. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2988292
  22. Kang, Y. & Han, S. (2012). Dialectal variation in Korean plosives. Ms. Korea.
  23. Keating, P. A. (1984). Phonetic and phonological representation of stop consonant voicing. Language, 60(2), 286-319. https://doi.org/10.2307/413642
  24. Kenstowicz, M. & Park, C. (2006). Laryngeal features and tone in Kyungsang Korean: a phonetic study. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology, 12(2), 247-264.
  25. Keyser, S. J. & Stevens, K. (2006). Enhancement and overlap in the speech chain. Language, 82(1), 33-63. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0051
  26. Kim, C. W. (1965). On the autonomy of the tensity feature in stop classification (with special reference to Korean stops). Word, 21, 339-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1965.11435434
  27. Kim, C. W. (1970). A theory of aspiration. Phonetica, 21(2), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1159/000259293
  28. Kim, H. (2009). Experimental phonetic study of Yanjin Sino-Korean dialect. Speech Sciences, 1, 47-52.
  29. Kim, M. R. (1994). Acoustic characteristics of Korean stops and perception of English stop consonants. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin.
  30. Kim, M. R. (2000). Segmental and tonal interactions in English and Korean: a phonetic and phonological study. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan.
  31. Kingston, K. (2011). Tonogenesis. In M. van Oostendorp, C. J. Ewen, E. Hume, & K. Rice (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Phonology. Blackwell Reference Online. Retrieved from http://www.companiontophonology.com/subscriber/tocnode?id=g9 781405184236_chunk_g978140518423699 on June 21, 2012.
  32. Kingston, K. J. & Diehl, R. (1994). Phonetic knowledge. Language, 70( 3), 419-454. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1994.0023
  33. Klatt, D. (1975). Voice onset time, frication, and aspiration in word-initial consonant clusters. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 18, 686-706. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.1804.686
  34. Ladefoged, P. & Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  35. Lee, H. & Jongman, A. (2012). Effects of tone on the three-way laryngeal distinction in Korean: An acoustic and aerodynamic comparison of the Seoul and South Kyungsang dialects. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 42, 145-169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100312000035
  36. Lisker, L. & Abramson, A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustical measurements. Word, 20, 384-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1964.11659830
  37. Oh, M. & Daland, R. (2011). Word-initial stops in Korean and English Monolinguals and Bilinguals. Linguistic Research, 28(3), 625-634. https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.28.3.201112.009
  38. Park, Y. (2003). A preliminary study of the language of ethnic Koreans in China: Toward a sociolinguistic understanding. Linguistic Study at Kyoto University, 22, 1-21.
  39. Shimizu, K. (1996). A Cross-language study of voicing contrasts of stop consonants in Asian languages. Tokyo: Seibido Publishing.
  40. Shue, Y., Keating, P., Vicenik, C. & Yu, K. (2011), Voicesauce: a program for voice analysis. ICPhS XVII, 1846-1849.
  41. Silva, D. (2006). Acoustic evidence for the emergence of tonal contrast in contemporary Korean. Phonology, 23(2), 287-308. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675706000911
  42. Wright, J. D. (2007). The phonetic contrast of Korean obstruent. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
  43. Zheng, X. R. and Li. Y. H. (2005). A contrastive study of VOT of English and Korean stops. Journal of Yanbian University (Social Science), 38(4), 99-102.

Cited by

  1. Cross-language correspondences in the face of change: Phonetic independence versus convergence in two Korean-Mandarin bilingual communities 2019, https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006917728389
  2. Compound tensification and laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions in Yanbian Korean vol.31, pp.03, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952675714000190