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A Study on the Types and Growth Patterns of Microorganisms and Quality Characteristics in Cherry Tomatoes and Head Lettuces According to Storage Period and Temperature

저장기간과 온도에 따른 신선편이 방울토마토와 양상추의 미생물 종류와 성장패턴 및 품질특성에 관한 연구

  • Lee, Seung Yuan (Dept. of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Yu, Hao Yang (Dept. of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Choi, Dong Soo (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hur, Sun Jin (Dept. of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University)
  • 이승연 (건국대학교 생명자원식품공학과) ;
  • 여호양 (건국대학교 생명자원식품공학과) ;
  • 최동수 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원) ;
  • 허선진 (건국대학교 생명자원식품공학과)
  • Received : 2013.09.30
  • Accepted : 2013.11.12
  • Published : 2013.12.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality changes and contamination of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in cherry tomatoes and head lettuces during the storage of different temperatures and periods. This study determines the pH levels, color changes and the growth patterns of microorganisms in cherry tomatoes and head lettuces during storage of 14 days at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. According to the results, the pH level is being reduced with storage periods in cherry tomatoes and head lettuces. The $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of cherry tomatoes are decreased with storage period, whereas the $a^*$ and $b^*$ values have increased with storage of the head lettuces. With regards to the types of microorganisms, the aerobic count plate (ACP), coliform count (CC), mold and yeast are being detected when cherry tomatoes and head lettuces are stored at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$, whereas the S. aureus and E. coli are not being detected at 14 days of storage. The ACP, CC and yeast of cherry tomatoes increase with storage period, whereas the mold of cherry tomatoes was decreased after 14 days of storage. For the head lettuces, APC and CC have significantly increased with storage, whereas the mold stored at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ decreased after 21 days of storage. From these studies, we can confirm that changes in quality characteristics and the types of microorganisms existed in cherry tomatoes and head lettuces during storage were the ACP, CC, mold and yeast, whereas the E. coli and S. aureus are not detected.

본 연구는 저장 기간 및 온도에 따른 방울토마토와 양상추의 미생물 종류와 성장 패턴 및 품질특성을 구명하였다. 방울 토마토와 양상추를 각각 $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$$15^{\circ}C$ 저장조건에서 1주일 간격으로 pH, 색도, 미생물 종류와 성장 패턴을 조사하였다. 방울토마토와 양상추 모두 저장 초기에 비해 저장기간 및 저장온도가 증가할수록 유기산 성분 용출이나 젖산균 증식으로 인해 pH 감소가 일어난 것으로 나타났다. 방울토마토는 저장기간에 따라 색도 변화에 차이를 보였는데, 특히 저장기간 21일째에 전 온도에서 저장 초기에 비해 명도, 적색도 및 황색도 모두 감소하였다. 양상추는 저장기간이 증가할수록 호흡에 의한 산화적 갈변으로 인해 명도가 감소하였고, 특히 $15^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우에 적색도와 황색도가 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 저장기간 및 온도에 따른 미생물의 종류 및 성장 패턴의 결과를 분석한 결과, 방울토마토와 양상추는 $10^{\circ}C$$15^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우, 곰팡이를 제외하고 총 균수, 대장균군수, 효모는 저장 초기에 비해 모두 증가한 것으로 나타났지만, 전 저장기간 및 저장온도에서 대장균과 황색포도상구균은 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과, 방울토마토와 양상추는 저장기간 및 저장온도에 따라 품질과 미생물의 생장에 영향을 미치므로 $10^{\circ}C$$15^{\circ}C$에 비해 $5^{\circ}C$에서 7일 이하로 저장하였을 때, 품질과 미생물 수 변화가 적었으므로, 이점을 고려할 때 본 연구결과와 같은 적절한 저장기간 및 저장 온도를 유지한다면 품질의 안전성을 확보하여 신선한 품질을 유지할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

Keywords

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