International Journal of Oral Biology

The Korean Academy of Oral Biology (대한구강생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Xylitol on various Oral bacteria

  • Na, Hee Sam (Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Sheon Min (Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Seyeon (Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University) ;
  • Choi, Yoon Hee (Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiology and Medical Science) ;
  • Chung, Jin (Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2013.12.03
  • Accepted : 2013.12.18
  • Published : 2013.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that reduces the incidence of caries by inhibiting the growth of oral streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans. Since xylitol is transported via the fructose phosphotransferase system, we hypothesized that it could also affect the growth of other oral bacteria strains. We tested the effects of xylitol against non-periodontopathogenic oral bacteria frequently found in healthy subjects as well as periodontopathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. With 5% xylitol, Streptococcus vestibularis and Gemella morbillorum showed marked growth inhibition. With 10% xylitol, all of the tested periodontopathogens and Actinomyces naeslundii showed marked growth inhibition, whereas the growth inhibition of Neisseria mucosa, Neisseria sicca and Veillonella parvula was mild only. Xylitol is a widely used sweetener and the concentration used in our experiment is easily achieved in the oral cavity. If xylitol reduces the growth of periodontopathogens more preferentially, it could also reduce the prevalence of these pathogens and have clinical utility in the prevention or treatment of periodontal disease.

Keywords

References

  1. Trahan L. Xylitol: a review of its action on mutans streptococci and dental plaque--its clinical significance. Int Dent J 1995; 45:77-92.
  2. Assev S, Waler SM, Rolla G. Further studies on the growth inhibition of some oral bacteria by xylitol. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B 1983; 91:261-265.
  3. Soderling E, Pihlanto-Leppala A. Uptake and expulsion of 14C-xylitol by xylitol-cultured Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 in vitro. Scand J Dent Res 1989; 97:511-519.
  4. Pihlanto-Leppala A, Soderling E, Makinen KK. Expulsion mechanism of xylitol 5-phosphate in Streptococcus mutans. Scand J Dent Res 1990; 98:112-119.
  5. Soderling E, Hirvonen A, Karjalainen S, Fontana M, Catt D, Seppa L. The effect of xylitol on the composition of the oral flora: a pilot study. Eur J Dent 2011; 5:24-31.
  6. Dodds MW. The oral health benefits of chewing gum. J Ir Dent Assoc 2012; 58:253-261.
  7. Ritter AV, Bader JD, Leo MC, Preisser JS, Shugars DA, Vollmer WM, Amaechi BT, Holland JC. Tooth-surface-specific effects of xylitol: randomized trial results. J Dent Res 2013; 92:512-517. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034513487211
  8. Vadeboncoeur C, Trahan L, Mouton C, Mayrand D. Effect of xylitol on the growth and glycolysis of acidogenic oral bacteria. J Dent Res 1983; 62:882-84. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345830620080601
  9. Soderling EM, Hietala-Lenkkeri AM. Xylitol and erythritol decrease adherence of polysaccharide-producing oral streptococci. Curr Microbiol 2010; 60:25-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-009-9496-6
  10. Bahador A, Lesan S, Kashi N. Effect of xylitol on cariogenic and beneficial oral streptococci: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. Iran J Microbiol 2012; 4:75-81.
  11. Moore WE, Moore LV. The bacteria of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 1994; 5:66-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00019.x
  12. Cortelli JR, Aquino DR, Cortelli SC, Fernandes CB, de Carvalho-Filho J, Franco GC, Costa FO, Kawai T. Etiological analysis of initial colonization of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:1322-1329. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02051-07
  13. Han SJ, Jeong SY, Nam YJ, Yang KH, Lim HS, Chung J. Xylitol inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005; 12:1285-1291.
  14. Zaura E, Keijser BJ, Huse SM, Crielaard W. Defining the healthy "core microbiome" of oral microbial communities. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:259. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-9-259
  15. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:5721-5732. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005
  16. Kontiokari T, Uhari M, Koskela M. Effect of xylitol on growth of nasopharyngeal bacteria in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:1820-1823. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.39.8.1820
  17. Darveau RP. Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8:481-490. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2337
  18. Bizzarro S, Loos BG, Laine ML, Crielaard W, Zaura E. Subgingival microbiome in smokers and non-smokers in periodontitis: an exploratory study using traditional targeted techniques and a next-generation sequencing. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:483-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12087