Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
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Clinical efficacy and mechanism of probiotics in allergic diseases

  • Kim, Ha-Jung (Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hyung Young (Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, So-Yeon (Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seo, Ju-Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Korea Cancer Center Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Eun (Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Hong, Soo-Jong (Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2013.05.03
  • Accepted : 2013.06.11
  • Published : 2013.09.15
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Abstract

A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors partially contributes to the development of allergic diseases by affecting development during prenatal and early life. To explain the dramatic increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, the hygiene hypothesis proposed that early exposure to infection prevented allergic diseases. The hygiene hypothesis has changed to the microbial hypothesis, in which exposure to microbes is closely linked to the development of the early immune system and allergic diseases. The intestinal flora may contribute to allergic disease through its substantial effect on mucosal immunity. Based on findings that exposure to microbial flora early in life can change the Th1/Th2 balance, thus favoring a Th1 cell response, probiotics may be beneficial in preventing allergic diseases. However, evidence from clinical and basic research to prove the efficacy of probiotics in preventing allergy is lacking. To date, studies have yielded inconsistent findings on the usefulness of probiotics in allergic diseases. It is difficult to demonstrate an exact effect of probiotics on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy because of study limitations, such as different first supplementation period, duration, different strains, short follow-up period, and host factors. However, many studies have demonstrated a significant clinical improvement in atopic dermatitis with the use of probiotics. An accurate understanding of the development of human immunity, intestinal barrier function, intestinal microbiota, and systemic immunity is required to comprehend the effects of probiotics on allergic diseases.

Keywords

References

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