DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Potassium Silicate on Growth and Leaf Epidermal Characteristics of Begonia and Pansy Grown in Vitro

  • Lim, Mi Young (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Eun Ju (Gyeongnam Jayoung High School) ;
  • Jana, Sonali (Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jeong, Byoung Ryong (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2012.03.22
  • Accepted : 2012.06.25
  • Published : 2012.10.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf epidermal characteristics of horticultural crops viz., begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto) 'Super Olympia Red' and 'Super Olympia Rose' and pansy (Viola ${\times}$ wittrockiana Hort.) 'Matrix White Blotch' and 'Matrix Yellow Blotch' in vitro. Seeds after germination were grown on a quarter strength MS medium supplemented with potassium silicate ($K_2SiO_3$) at 0, 100, 200, or $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and were maintained under a photoperiod of 16 hours at $25^{\circ}C$. Growth parameters such as plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, fresh, and dry weights have been recorded after a growth period of 58 days for begonia and 94 days for pansy. In begonia, fresh weight was significantly greatest in the $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment in both 'Super Olympia Red' and 'Super Olympia Rose'. In both pansy cultivars, fresh weight was the greatest in the $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than other treatments. Chlorophyll content was significantly greater in the $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment for both the cultivars of begonia. Leaf area significantly increased with the higher concentrations of $K_2SiO_3$ treatment in both cultivars of pansy. Stomatal structures on the leaf epidermis were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In begonia 'Super Olympia Rose', the structure of stomata were more compact in size in the $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than in the control. Similarly, in pansy 'Matrix White Blotch' the surface of stomata appeared to be smoother in the $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than those wrinkled appearance in the control. The surface of the leaf epidermis appeared to be compact due to Si deposition, and thus results indicated that Si positively affected the growth and biomass production of these species. Our data show that the effect of Si on growth parameters is strongly dependent on cultivar of the plant species tested.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmed, M., F. Hassen, U. Qadeer, and M.A. Aslam. 2011. Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum. Afr. J. Agri. Res. 6:594-607.
  2. Bae, M.J., Y.G. Park, and B.R. Jeong. 2010. Effect of silicate fertilizer supplemented to the medium on rooting and subsequent growth of potted plants. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 51:355-359.
  3. Datnoff, L.E., C.W. Deren, and G.H. Snyder. 1997. Silicon fertilization for disease management of rice in Florida. Crop Protect. 16:525-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00033-1
  4. Dayanandan, P. and P.B. Kaufman. 1976. Trichomes of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 63:578-591. https://doi.org/10.2307/2441821
  5. Dengler, N.G. and E.Y.-C. Lin. 1980. Electron microprobe analysis of the distribution of silicon in the leaves of Selaginella emmeliana. Can. J. Bot. 58:2459-2466. https://doi.org/10.1139/b80-286
  6. Frantz, J. M., D.D.S. Pitchay, J.C. Locke, L.E. Horst., and C.R. Krause. 2005. Silicon is deposited in leaves of New Guinea impatiens. Plant Health Progress. Available at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/php/research/2005/silicon (accessed October 2, 2007).
  7. Frantz, J.M., J.C. Locke, L. Datnoff, M. Omer, A. Widrig, S. Douglas, L.E. Horst, and C.R. Krause. 2008. Detection, distribution, and quantification of silicon in floricultural crops utilizing three distinct analytical methods. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 39:2734-2751. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620802358912
  8. Gan, Y., L. Zhou, S.J. Zhong, Z.X. Shen, Y.Q. Zhang, and G.X. Wang. 2010. Stomatal clustering, a new marker for environmental perception and adaptation in terrestrial plants. Bot. Stud. 51:325-326.
  9. Gao, X., C. Zou, L. Wang, and F. Zhang. 2006. Silicon decreases transpiration rate and conductance from stomata of maize plants. J. Plant Nutr. 29:1637-1647. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160600851494
  10. Gillman, J.H. and D.C. Zlesak. 2000. Mist applications of sodium silicate to rose (Rosa L. ${\times}$ 'Nearly Wild') cutting decreases leaflet drop and increases rooting. Hort. Sci. 117:500-503.
  11. Guo, Z.G., H.X. Liu, F.P. Tian, Z.H. Zhang, and S.M. Wang. 2006. Effect of silicon on the morphology of shoots and roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Aust. J. Expt. Agric. 46:1161-1166. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA05117
  12. Hoover, W.S. 1986. Stomata and stomatal clusters in Begonia: Ecological response in two Mexican species. Biotropica 18:16-21. https://doi.org/10.2307/2388356
  13. Hossain, M.T., R. Mori, K. Soga, K. Wakabayashi, S.K. Fujii, R. Yamamoto, and T. Hoson. 2002. Growth promotion and an increase in cell wall extensibility by silicon in rice and some other Poaceae seedlings. J. Plant Res. 115:23-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s102650200004
  14. Islam, M.M., M. Ahmed, and D. Mahaldar. 2005. In vitro callus induction and plant regeneration in seed explants of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Res. J. Agri. Biol. Sci. 1:72-75.
  15. Kamenidou, S., T.J. Cavins, and S. Marek. 2008. Silicon supplements affect horticultural traits of greenhouse-produced ornamental sunflowers. Hort. Sci. 43:236-239.
  16. Kamenidou, S., T.J. Cavins, and S. Marek. 2010. Silicon supplements affect floricultural quality traits and elemental nutrient concentrations of greenhouse produced gerbera. Sci. Hort. 123:390-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.09.008
  17. Liang, Y., W. Sun, Y.G. Zhu, and P. Christie. 2007. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: A review. Environ. Pollut. 147:422-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.008
  18. Ma, J. 2004. Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 50:11-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2004.10408447
  19. Ma, J.F. and N. Yamaji. 2006. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci. 11:392-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.06.007
  20. Ma, J.F. and N. Yamaji. 2008. Functions and transport of silicon in plants. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65:3049-3057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-008-7580-x
  21. Mali, M. and N.C. Aery. 2008. Silicon effects on nodule growth, dry-matter production, and mineral nutrition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.171:835-840. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200700362
  22. Mali, M. and N.C. Arey. 2007. Effect of silicon on growth, biochemical constituents and mineral nutrition of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34:515-2527.
  23. Menzies, J., P. Bowen, and D. Ehret. 1992. Foliar applications of potassium silicate reduce severity of powdery mildew on cucumber, muskmelon, and zucchini squash. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:902-905.
  24. Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth with bioassays with tobacco cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15:473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
  25. Ranganathan, S., V. Suvarchala, Y.B.R.D. Rajesh, M.S. Prasad, A.P. Padmakumari, and S.R. Voleti. 2006. Effects of silicon sources on its deposition, chlorophyll content, and disease and pest resistance in rice. Biol. Plant. 50:713-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-006-0113-2
  26. Riaz, A., M. Arshad, A. Younis, A. Raza, and M. Hameed. 2008. Effects of different growing media on growth and flowering of Zinnia elegans cv. Blue point. Pak. J. Bot. 40:1579-1585.
  27. Savant, N.K. and G.H. Korndorfer. 1999. Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production: A review. J. Plant Nutr. 22:1853-1903. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169909365761

Cited by

  1. Bunge by Altering Activity of Antioxidant Enzyme vol.2014, pp.1537-744X, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/521703
  2. Application of silicon in plant tissue culture vol.52, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-016-9757-6
  3. Evaluation of nanosilicon dioxide and chitosan on tissue culture of apple under agar-induced osmotic stress vol.40, pp.20, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1382526
  4. Exogenous Supplementation of Silicon Improved the Recovery of Hyperhydric Shoots in Dianthus caryophyllus L. by Stabilizing the Physiology and Protein Expression vol.8, pp.1664-462X, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00738
  5. pp.1724-5575, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1320312
  6. Effects of nanosilicon dioxide application onin vitroproliferation of apple rootstock vol.39, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1061550
  7. 규산 함유 액상비료 시비에 따른 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육과 품질 변화 vol.5, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5660/wts.2016.5.3.170
  8. Use of Diatomaceous Earth as a Silica Supplement on Potted Ornamentals vol.5, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010021
  9. The Effects of Potassium Silicate as a Component of Nutrient Medium for Selected in Vitro Cultures of Prunus and Corylus Genera vol.68, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068050851