Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (한국수산과학회지)

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Selection of Isochrysis and Pavlova Species for Mass Culture in High Temperature Season

고온기 배양에 적합한 Isochrysis와 Pavlova 종의 선정

  • Yang, Sung-Jin (Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Hur, Sung-Bum (Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University)
  • 양성진 (부경대학교 해양바이오신소재학과) ;
  • 허성범 (부경대학교 해양바이오신소재학과)
  • Received : 2012.03.08
  • Accepted : 2012.08.03
  • Published : 2012.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Even though the microalgal species of Isochrysis and Pavlova are widely used as live food in bivalve hatcheries, they are difficult to culture in mass during the summer season. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the optimum species or strains of Isochrysis and Pavlova to produce good growth and high contents of fatty acids at temperatures over $30^{\circ}C$. Four species of Isochrysis (I. galbana KMMCC12, I. galbana KMMCC214, I. aff. galbana, and Isochrysis sp.) and four of Pavlova (P. lutheri, P. gyrans, P. viridis, and Pavlova sp.) were cultured at $25^{\circ}C$, $29^{\circ}C$, and $33^{\circ}C$, and then analyzed for specific growth rate and fatty acid composition. Microalgae were cultured in f/2 medium at 23 psu and continuous light of $80{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$. For the I. galbana, growth rates were highest at $29^{\circ}C$ and decreased at $33^{\circ}C$ to the level observed at $25^{\circ}C$. I. galbana (KMMCC12) and Isochrysis sp. cultured at $29^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$, respectively, exhibited the highest growth rates of all Isochrysis species. In terms of fatty acids, I. galbana (KMMCC12) contained higher contents of PUFA and n-3 HUFA at $33^{\circ}C$ than did Isochrysis sp. For species of Pavlova, growth rates of P. gyrans and P. viridis at $29^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$, respectively, were higher than those of the other Pavlova species. In particular, P. viridis grew as well at $33^{\circ}C$ as it did at $29^{\circ}C$. However, P. lutheri and Pavlova sp. did not grow at $33^{\circ}C$. In terms of fatty acids, P. viridis cultured at $33^{\circ}C$ also exhibited higher contents of PUFA and n-3 HUFA, as compared to P. gyrans. Based on these results, we suggest that I. galbana (KMMCC12) and P. viridis are suitable species for mass culture during the high temperature season.

Keywords

References

  1. Ackman RG. 1982. Fatty acid metabolism of bivalve. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Aquaculture Nutrition. Pruder G, Langdon CJ and Conkiln DE, eds. World Mariculture Society, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 358-375.
  2. Brown MR, Jeffrey SW, Volkman JK and Dunstan GA. 1997. Nutritional properties of microalgae for mariculture. Aquacult 151, 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01501-3
  3. Berthelin C, Kellner K and Mathieu M. 2000. Storage metabolism in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in relation to summer mortalities and reproductive cycle (west coast of France). Comp Biochem Physiol 125, 359-369.
  4. Carvalho AP and Malcata FX. 2003. Kinetic modeling of the autotrophic growth of Pavlova lutheri: study of the combined influence of light and temperature. Biotechnol Prog 19, 1128-1135.
  5. Castell JD, Bell JG, Tocher DR and Sargent JR. 1994. Effects of purified diets containing different combinations of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid on survival, growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Aquacult 128, 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90320-4
  6. Claquin P, Probert I, Lefebvre S and Veron B. 2008. Effects of temperature on photosynthetic parameters and TEP production in eight species of marine microalgae. Aquat Microb Ecol 51, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01187
  7. Dridis S, Romdhane MS and Elcafsi M. 2007. Seasonal variation in weight and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas in relation to the gametogenic cycle and environmental conditions of the Bizert lagoon, Tunisia. Aquacult 263, 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.10.028
  8. Duncan DB. 1955. Multiple-range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11, 1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  9. Enright CT and Newkirk GF 1986. Evaluation of phytoplankton as diets for juvenile O. Edulis. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 96, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90009-2
  10. Grima EM, Camacho FG and Perez JAS. 1994. Biochemical productivity and fatty acid profile of Isochrysis galbana Parke and Tetraselmis sp. as a function of incident light intensity. Process Biochem 29, 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-9592(94)80004-9
  11. Guillard RL and Ryther JH. 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (Cleve). Gran Can J Microbiol 8, 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1139/m62-029
  12. Guillard RL. 1973. Growth measurement. In: Handbook of Phycological Methods. Stein JR, ed. Cambridge University Press, London, U.K., 302-306.
  13. Helm MM, Holland DL, Utting SD and East J. 1991. Fatty acid composition of early non-feeding larvae of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. J Mar Biol Assoc U.K. 71, 691- 705. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400053248
  14. Hidetaka T and Etsuko T 1995. Changes in lipid and fatty acid composition of Pavlova lutheri. Phytochemistry 40, 397-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00327-4
  15. Hua XM, Zhou HQ and Ding ZP. 1999. Effect of temperature and illumination on the microalgae's growth, total lipid and fatty acid composition. J Shanghi Fish Univ 8, 309-315.
  16. Hu C, Li M, Li J, Zhu Q and Liu Z. 2008. Variation of lipid and fatty acid compositions of marine microalga Pavlova viridis (Prymnesiophyceae) under laboratory and outdoor culture conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24, 1209-1214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9595-0
  17. Hur YB. 2004. Dietary value of microalgae for larvae culture of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Ph.D. Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.
  18. Jeffrey SW, Brown MR and Volkman JK. 1994. Haptophyte as feed stocks in mariculture. In: Leadbeater BSC, The Haptophyte Algae. Green JC, ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 287-302.
  19. Langdon CJ and Waldock MJ 1981. The effect of algal and artificial diets on the growth and fatty acid composition of Crassostrea gigas spat. J Mar Biol Assoc U.K. 61, 431-448. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400047056
  20. Lee SM. 2004. Utilization of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate by abalone Haliotis discus hannai: A review J Shellfish Res 23, 1027-1030.
  21. Lin YH, Chang FL, Tsao CY and Leu JY. 2007. Influence of growth phase and nutrient source on fatty acid composition of Isochrysis galbana CCMP 1324 in a batch photoreactor. J Biochem Eng 37, 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2007.04.014
  22. Liu WG, Li Q, Yuan YD and Zhang SH. 2008. Seasonal variations in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of the cockle Fulvia mutica (Reeve) from eastern coast of China. J Shellfish Res 27, 405-411. https://doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[405:SVIRAA]2.0.CO;2
  23. Metcalfe LD, Schmitz AA and Pelka JR. 1966. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Anal Chem 38, 514-515. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60235a044
  24. Min BH. 2012. Dietary value of three microalgal species for seedling production of the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii. Ph.D. Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.
  25. Park JE and Hur SB. 2000. Optimum culture conditions of species of microalgae as live food from China. J Aquat 13, 107-117.
  26. Pernet F and Tremblay R. 2004. Effect of varying levels of dietary essential fatty acid during early ontogeny of the sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 310, 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.04.001
  27. Ponis E, Parisi G, LeCoz JR, Zittelli C and Tredici MR. 2006. Effect of the culture system and culture technique on biochemical characteristics of Pavlova lutheri and its nutritional value for Crassostrea gigas larvae. Aquac Nut 12, 322-329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00411.x
  28. Renaud SM, Zhou HC, Parry DL, Luong-Van T and Woo KC. 1995. Effect of temperature on the growth, total lipid content and fatty acid composition of recently isolated tropical Isochrysis sp., Nitzchia closterium, Nitzchia paleacea, and commercial species Isochrysis sp., (clone T.ISO). J Appl Phycol 7, 595-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00003948
  29. Renaud SM, Luong-Van T, Lambrinidis G and Parry DL. 2002. Effect of temperature on growth, chemical composition and fatty acid composition of tropical Australian microalgae grown in batch culture. Aquaculture, 211, 195-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00875-4
  30. Richmond A, Boussiba S, Vonshak A and Kopel R 1993. A new tubular reactor for mass production of microalgae outdoors. J Appl Phycol 5, 327-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186235
  31. Sunderlin JB, Baab PT and Partry EM. 1976. Growth of clam and oyster larvae on different algal diets in a tropical artificial upwelling mariculture system. In: Proceedings of the Seven Annual Meeting World Mariculture Society. San Diego California, January 25-29, 215-221.
  32. Thompson PA, Guo M, Harrison PJ and Whyte JNC. 1992. Effects of variation in temperature on the fatty acid composition of eight species of marine phytoplankton. J Phycol 28, 488-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00488.x
  33. Thompson PA, Guo M and Harrison PJ. 1993. The influence of irradiance on the biochemical composition of three phytoplankton species and their nutritional value for larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Mar Biol 117, 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00345671
  34. Watanabe T, Kitajima C and Fujita S 1983. Nutritional value of live organisms used in Japan for mass propagation of fish: A review. Aquaculture, 34, 115-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(83)90296-X
  35. Webb KL and Chu FL. 1982. Phytoplankton as a food source for bivalve larvae. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Aquaculture Nutrition. Pruder G, Langdon CJ and Conklin DE, eds. World Mariculture Society. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, L.A., 272-291.
  36. Whyte JNC, Bourne N and Ginther NG. 1991. Depletion of nutrient reserves during embryogenesis in the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 149, 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(91)90117-F
  37. Xu Z, Yan X, Pei L, Luo Q and Xu J. 2008. Changes in fatty acids and sterols during batch growth of Pavlova viridis in photobioreactor. J Appl Phycol 20, 237-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9230-3
  38. Yoon HY. 2005. Growth of culture environment on food organism. M.S. Thesis, University of Mokpo, Mokpo, Korea.
  39. Zhu CJ, Lee YK and Chao TM. 1997. Effect of temperature and growth phase on lipid and biochemical composition of Isochrysis galbana TK1. J Appl Phycol 9, 451-457. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007973319348

Cited by

  1. Selection of Copepods as Live Food for Marine Fish Larvae Based on Their Size, Fecundity, and Nutritional Value vol.36, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2014.36.2.199