The Korean Journal of Pain

The Korean Pain Society (대한통증학회)
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Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Allodynia, TNF-${\alpha}$ Expression, and Apoptosis in the Dorsal Root Ganglion after Spinal Nerve Ligation Injury

  • Choi, Dae-Kee (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Leem, Jeong-Gill (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Shin, Jin-Woo (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) ;
  • Suh, Jeong-Hun (Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2012.07.10
  • Accepted : 2012.08.23
  • Published : 2012.10.01
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Abstract

Background: It has been demonstrated that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and apoptotic cell death in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following spinal nerve constriction injury play a role in the initiation and continuation of hyperalgesia and allodynia. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on mechanical and cold allodynia, TNF-${\alpha}$ expression, and apoptosis in DRG after spinal nerve ligation injury. Methods: Rats were divided into 3 groups: control, pre-EP, and post-EP. EP (50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before (pre-EP) or after (post-EP) surgery. Behavioral tests to determine mechanical and cold allodynia were conducted before surgery and 4 and 7 days after surgery. Seven days after surgery, TNF-${\alpha}$ protein levels in DRG were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and DRG apoptosis was determined by immunohistochemical detection of activated caspase-3. Results: Treatment with EP significantly reduced mechanical and cold allodynia following spinal nerve ligation injury. TNF-${\alpha}$ protein levels in the pre-EP ($4.7{\pm}1.2$ pg/200 ${\mu}g$; P < 0.001) and post-EP ($6.4{\pm}1.8$ pg/200 ${\mu}g$; P < 0.001) groups were 2-3 times lower than the control group ($14.4{\pm}1.2$ pg/200 ${\mu}g$). The percentages of neurons and satellite cells that co-localized with caspase-3 were also significantly lower in the pre-EP and post-EP groups than the control group. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that EP has a strong anti-allodynic effect that acts through the inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ expression and apoptosis in DRG after spinal nerve ligation injury.

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