DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Occurrence of X-ray Contrast Media (Iopromide) in the Nakdong River Basin

낙동강 수계에서의 X-선 조영제(Iopromide)의 분포 특성

  • Yoom, Hoon-Sik (Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority) ;
  • Son, Hee-Jong (Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority) ;
  • Ryu, Dong-Choon (Water Quality Institute, Busan Water Authority) ;
  • Jang, Seung-Ho (Department of Environment System Engineering, Pusan National University)
  • 염훈식 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 손희종 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 류동춘 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 장성호 (부산대학교 지역환경시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2012.05.25
  • Accepted : 2012.08.20
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

The aims of this study were to investigate and confirm the occurrence and distribution patterns of iodinated X-ray contrast media (iopromide) in Nakdong river basin (mainstream and its tributaries). Iopromide was detected in 16 sampling sites. The concentration levels of iopromide on February 2011 and on October 2011 in surface water samples ranged from not detected (ND) to 1481.1 ng/L and ND to 1168.2 ng/L, respectively. The highest concentration level of iopromide in the mainstream and tributaries in Nakdong river were Goryeong and Jincheon-cheon, respectively. The sewage treatment plants (STPs) along the river affect the iopromide levels in river and the iopromide levels decreased with downstream because of dilution effects.

Keywords

References

  1. 이민주, 류재나, 오재일, 김현배, 2009, 하수처리장 유입․유출수 내 EDC/PPCPs의 발생 특성, 대한환경공학회지, 31(9), 783-792.
  2. 손희종, 장성호, 2011, 상수원에서의 잔류 의약물질 검출, 거동, 분포현황 및 독성, 대한환경공학회지, 33(6), 453-479.
  3. 헬스코리아뉴스, 2009, http://www.hkn24.com/news/articlePrint.html?idxno=29933.
  4. Boleda, M. R., Galceran, M. T., Ventura, F., 2011, Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments, Environ. Pollut., 159, 1584- 1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.051
  5. Busetti, F., Linge, K. L., Blythe, J. W., Heitz, A., 2008, Rapid analysis of iodinated X-ray contrast media in secondary and tertiary treated wastewater by direct injection liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A., 1213, 200-208 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.021
  6. Carballa, M., Omil, F., Lema, J. M., Llompart, M., Garcia-Jares, C., Rodriguez, I., Gómez, M., Ternes, T., 2004, Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant, Water Res., 38, 2918-2926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.03.029
  7. Choi, K. J., Kim, S. G., Kim, C. W., Kim, S. H., 2007, Determination of antibiotic compounds in water by on-line SPE-LC/MSD, Chemosphere, 66, 977-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.037
  8. Christiansen, C., 2005, X-ray contrast media-an overview, Toxicology, 209(20), 185-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2004.12.020
  9. Clara, M., Strenn, B., Gans, O., Martinez, E., Kreuzinger, N., Kroiss, H., 2005, Removal of selected pharmaceuticals, fragrances and endocrine disrupting compounds in a membrane bioreactor and conventional wastewater treatment plants, Water Res., 39(19), 4797-4807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.09.015
  10. Forrez, I., Carballa, M., Fink, G., Wick, A., Hennebel, T., Vanhaecke, L., Ternes, T., Boon, N., Verstraete, W., 2011, Biogenic metals for the oxidative and reductive removal of pharmaceuticals, biocides and iodinated contrast media in a polishing membrane bioreactor, Water Res., 45, 1763-1773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.031
  11. Grünheid, S., Amy, G., Jekel, M., 2005, Removal of bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trace organic compounds by bank filtration and artificial recharge, Water Res., 39, 3219-3228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.030
  12. Hirsch, R., Ternes, T. A., Lindart, A., Haberer, K., Wilken, R. D., 2000, A sensitive method for the determination of iodine containing diagnostic agents in aqueous matrices using LC-electrospraytandem-MS detection, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 366, 835-841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160051581
  13. Huber, M. M., Canonica, S., Park, G., von Gunten, U., 2003, Oxidation of pharmaceuticals during ozonation and advanced oxidation processes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 1016-1024. https://doi.org/10.1021/es025896h
  14. Jeong, J., Jung, J., Cooper, J. W., Song, W., 2010, Degradation mechanisms and kinetic studies for the treatment of X-ray contrast media compounds by advanced oxidation/reduction processes, Water Res., 44, 4391-4398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.054
  15. Kim, S. D., Cho, J., Kim, I. S., Vanderford, B. J.,Snyder, S. A., 2007, Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters, Water Res., 41, 1013-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.034
  16. Kormos, J. L., Schulz, M., Ternes, T. A., 2011, Occurrence of iodinated X-ray contrast media and their biotransformation products in the urban water cycle, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8723-8732. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2018187
  17. Mompelat, S., Le Bot, B., Thomas, O., 2009, Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutical products and by-products, from resources to drinking water, Environ. Int., 35, 803-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.008
  18. Morasch, B., Bonvin, F., Reiser, H., Grandjean, D., Alencastro, L. F., Perazzolo, C., Chevre, N., Kohn, T., 2010, Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in the Vidy Bay of Lake Geneva, Switzerland. part II: micropollutant removal between wastewater and raw drinking water, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 29(8), 1658-1668.
  19. Nodler, K., Licha, T., Bester, K., Sauter, M., 2010, Development of a multi-residue analytical method, based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, for the simultaneous determination of 46 micro-contaminants in aqueous samples, J. Chromatgr. A, 1217, 6511-6521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.048
  20. Perez, S. B., 2007, Fate and occurrence of X-ray contrast media in the environment, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1235-1246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0953-9
  21. Putschew, A., Schittko, S., Jekel, M., 2001, Quantification of triiodinated benzene derivatives and X-ray contrast media in water samples by liquid chromatographyelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatgr. A, 930, 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01186-4
  22. Putschew, A., Wischnack, S., Jekel, M., 2000, Occurrence of triiodinated X-ray contrast agents in the aquatic environment, Sci. Total Environ., 255, 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00461-7
  23. Sacher, F., Lange, F. T., Brauch, H. J., Blankenhorn, I., 2011, Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters. analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, J. Chromatogr. A, 938, 199-210.
  24. Santos, L. H. M. L. M., Araújo, A. N., Fachini, A., Pena, A., Delerue-Matos, C., Montenegro, M. C. B. S. M., 2010, Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, J. Hazard. Mater., 175, 45-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.100
  25. Seitz, W., Jiang, J. Q., Schulz, W., Weber, W. H., Maier, D., Maier, M., 2008, Formation of oxidation by-products of the iodinated X-ray contrast medium iomeprol during ozonation, Chemosphere, 70(7), 1238-1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.081
  26. Seitz, W., Weber, W. H., Jiang, J. Q., Lloyd, B. J., Maier, M., Maier, D., Schulz, W., 2006, Monitoring of iodinated X-ray contrast media in surface water, Chemosphere, 64, 1318-1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.030
  27. Steger-Hartmann, T., Länge, R., Schweinfurth, H., Tschampel, M., Rehmann, I., 2002, Investigations into the environmental fate and effects of iopromide (ultravist), a widely used iodinated X-ray contrast medium, Water Res., 36(1), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00241-X
  28. Ternes, T. A., Hirsch, R., 2000, Occurrence and behavior of X-ray contrast media in sewage facilities and the aquatic environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2741-2748. https://doi.org/10.1021/es991118m
  29. Ternes, T. A., Stuber, J., Herrmann, N., McDowell, D., Ried, A., Kampmann, M., Teiser, B., 2003, Ozonation: a tool for removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and musk fragrances from wastewater?, Water Res., 37, 1976-1982. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00570-5
  30. Trenholm, R. A., Vanderford, B. J., Holady, J. C., Rexing, D. J., Snyder, S. A., 2006, Broad range analysis of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, Chemosphere, 65, 1990-1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.004
  31. Yoon, Y., Ryu, J., Oh, J., Choi, B. G., Snyder, S. A., 2010, Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South Korea), Sci. Total Environ., 408, 636-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.049
  32. Wang, C., Shi, H., Adams, C. D., Gamagedara, S., Stayton, I., Timmons, T., Ma, Y., 2011, Investgation of pharmaceuticals in Missouri natural and drinking water using high performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry, Water Res., 45, 1818- 1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.043