Effects of Organic Materials and Precipitation on Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Sorghum ${\times}$ Sudangrass Hybrid

유기자재와 강수량이 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종의 질소이용효율에 미치는 영향

  • 최현석 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이연 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 정정아 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 지형진 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이상민 (국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 국용인 (순천대학교 자원식물개발학과) ;
  • 정석규 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과)
  • Received : 2012.06.28
  • Accepted : 2012.09.21
  • Published : 2012.09.28

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate soil inorganic N concentrations and N uptake efficiency of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) as affected by organic nutrient sources from 2009 to 2011. The treatments included chemical fertilizer, compost, oilcake, alfalfa hay mulch, and control. Nutrient applications were made at rates equivalent to approximately 210 kg of actual N per hectare. The precipitation during the growth period from May to September was higher in 2011, followed by 2009, and 2010. Oilcake had the lowest C:N ratio in the raw materials. Compost treatment slowed N-mineralization rate in soil during the measured years. Soil mineral nutrition and dry matter production were not consistently affected by treatments, but the dry matter production was negatively correlated with the amount of precipitation from May to September for three years. Chemical fertilizer treatment increased N efficiency in plants in the first two years, observing with lower N efficiency in plants treated with compost for 3 years. Increased precipitation from June to August improved N efficiency in sudangrass plants treated with compost but reduced the efficiency with the chemical fertilizer. Total dry matter production and N efficiency in plants were not affected by the C:N ratio of the raw materials rather than weather condition.

탄질비가 다른 유기자재 시용이 토양중 무기태질소의 시기별 변화와 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종의 질소이용률에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 2009년부터 2011년까지 수행되었다. 처리구는 질소함량 210kg/ha 수준으로 축분퇴비, 알팔파, 유박, 포함하였다. 유박은 가장 낮은 탄질비를 나타내었고, 축분퇴비는 3년 동안 가장 낮은 질소의 무기화가 관찰되었다. 토양 무기성분과 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종의 건물중은 처리에 따라 일관성 있게 영향을 받지 않았고, 건물중은 재배기간인 5월부터 9월까지의 강수량과 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 화학비료는 2009년과 2010년에 질소이용률을 크게 증가시켰고, 축분퇴비는 3년간 가장 낮은 질소이용률을 보였다. 6월부터 8월까지의 강수량 증가는 퇴비로 처리된 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종의 질소이용률을 다소 증가시켰으나 양분의 무기화가 빠른 화학비료는 반대의 양상이 관찰되었다. 본 시험에서는 유기자재의 탄질비 보다는 강수량의 변동이 클 때 작물의 건물중과 질소이용률에 영향을 끼치므로 이를 고려하여 밭토양에 시비를 해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. 농촌진흥청. 2003. 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준. 발간등록번호: 11-1390000-001274-
  2. 농촌진흥청, 수원, 한국. pp. 1-838.
  3. Campiglia, E., R. Mancinelli, E. Radicetti, and S. Marinari. 2011. Legume cover crops and mulches: effects on nitrate leaching and nitrogen input in a pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.). Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 89: 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-010-9404-2
  4. Cho, J. L., Y. Lee, H. S. Choi, and W. S. Kim. 2011. The effects of organic materials on yield and N use efficiency of organic rice grown under frequent heavy rains. Kor. J. Environ. Agric. 30: 138-143. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.2.138
  5. Choi, H. S. and C. R. Rom. 2011. Estimated nitrogen use efficiency, surplus, and partitioning in young apple trees grown in varied organic production systems. Sci. Hortic. 129: 674-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.11.019
  6. Choi, H. S., X. Li, W. S. Kim, and Y. Lee. 2011. Effects of nutrient source on soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties in an organic pear orchard. Kor. J. Environ. Agric. 30: 16-23. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2011.30.1.16
  7. Gale, E. S., D. M. Sullivan, C. G. Cogger, A. I. Bary, D. D. Hemphill, and E. A. Myhre. 2006. Estimation plant-available nitrogen release from manures, composts, and specialty products. J. Environ. Qual. 35: 2321-2332. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0062
  8. Hartz, T. K., J. P. Mitchell, and C. Giannini. 2000. Nitrogen and carbon mineralization dynamics of manures and composts. HortScience 35: 209-212.8. Havlin, J., J. D. Beaton, S. L. Tisdale, and W. L. Nelson. 2005. Soil fertility and fertilizers: an introduction to nutrient management. In: Soil acidity and alkalinity. 7th ed., Person education, Upper Saddle, USA, p. 66.
  9. Khanif, Y. M., O. Van Cleemput, and L. Baert. 1984. Field study of the fate of labelled fertilizer nitrate applied to barley and maize in sandy soils. Fert. Res. 5: 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01051628
  10. Kim, J. G., K. B. Lee, J. D. Kim, S. S. Han, and S. J. Kim. 2000. Change of nutrition loss of long-term application with different organic material sources in upland soil. Kor. J. Soil Sci. Fert. 33: 432-445.
  11. KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration). 2011. Weather data, Seoul, Korea.
  12. Lee, Y., H. S. Choi, S. M. Lee, and J. A. Jung. 2012. Effects of organic materials on changes in soil nutrient concentrations and nutrient uptake efficiency in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). J. Bio-Environment Control In press.
  13. MIFAFF. 2011. The five-year plan for the third green agriculture cultivation, ISBN: 11- 1541000-000709-13, Environment-Friendly Agriculture Division, MIFAFF, Gwacheon, Korea. pp. 1-124.
  14. Morvan, T. and B. Nicolardot. 2009. Role of organic fractions on C decomposition and N mineralization of animal wastes in soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 45: 477-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0355-1
  15. Probert, M. E. 2005. Modeling nitrogen mineralization from manures: representing quality aspects by varying C:N ratio of sub-pools. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37: 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.07.040
  16. Van Cleemput, O. and L. Baert. 1984. The fate of labelled fertilizer nitrogen split-applied to winter wheat on a clay soil. Pedol. 34: 291-300.