DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Occurrence of White Smut Caused by Entyloma cosmi on Cosmos bipinnatus in Korea

Entyloma cosmi에 의한 코스모스 흰깜부기병 발생

  • Park, Ji-Hyun (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Cho, Sung-Eun (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Park, Mi-Jeong (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Hong, Sun-Hee (Institute of Environment and Ecology, Korea University) ;
  • Shin, Hyeon-Dong (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
  • 박지현 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 조성은 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 박미정 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 홍선희 (고려대학교 환경생태연구소) ;
  • 신현동 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부)
  • Received : 2012.03.08
  • Accepted : 2012.06.18
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

In July 2011, hundreds of garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) were found to be infected with a white smut in Namyangju. Further surveys in central Korea showed that the disease occurred in all the nine localities visited, with disease incidence rate of >50%. Symptoms manifested as pale-green to chlorotic areas on the leaves, followed by white mildew development on lesions. The lesions usually coalesced and became necrotic, considerably reducing the aesthetic value. Caespituli were initially hypophyllous but later epiphyllous as well. Conidiophores were 10-40 in moderately dense fascicles, hyaline throughout, mostly guttulate, $20-45{\times}2-4{\mu}m$, obtuse at the apex, and had inconspicuous conidial scars. Conidia were solitary, botuliform, hyaline, aseptate, mostly guttulate, apex rounded, base rounded to truncate, $17-24{\times}3.5-5{\mu}m$, hilum inconspicuous, unthickened, and not darkened. Sori were rounded to elongated, resulting in first white and later brown leaf spots. Teliospores embedded in the leaf tissue were subglobose to ellipsoidal, subhyaline to pale yellowish-brown, $12.5-20{\times}10-15{\mu}m$. These morphological characteristics corresponded with those of Entyloma cosmi V$\acute{a}$nky, Horita & Jage. This is the first report of white smut disease of garden cosmos due to infection of E. cosmi in Korea.

2011년 7월 남양주에서 코스모스에 흰깜부기병이 크게 발생함을 발견하였다. 중부지방의 코스모스 집단식재지 9곳을 답사한 결과, 모두 50% 이상의 발병률을 보였다. 초기 병징은 잎에 담녹색이거나 퇴색부위가 생기고, 이어서 병반에는 흰 곰팡이가 서릿발처럼 밀생하였다. 각 병반이 융합되고 괴사되면서 식물체의 관상적 가치는 크게 훼손되었다. 분생포자다발은 잎 뒷면에 생기나 발병 후기에는 앞면에서도 관찰되었다. 분생포자경은 10-40개 정도가 다소 빽빽한 다발을 형성하며, 무색이며, 대부분 기름방울을 가지며, 길이 $20-45{\mu}m$에 폭 $2-4{\mu}m$이며, 꼭대기는 대체로 둥근 편이며, 분생포자흔은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 분생포자는 단생하며, 소시지 모양이며, 무색이며, 단세포이며, 대부분 기름방울을 가지며, 위쪽은 둥글며, 아래쪽은 둥글거나 절단형이며, 길이 $17-24{\mu}m$에 폭 $3.5-5{\mu}m$이며, 배꼽은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 포자퇴는 둥글거나 길쭉하며, 초기에는 희끗하게 보이나 후기에는 갈색의 점처럼 보였다. 겨울포자는 잎 조직 속에 박혀있으며, 근원형이거나 타원형이며, 무색에 가깝거나 옅은 황갈색이며, 길이 $12.5-20{\mu}m$에 폭 $10-15{\mu}m$였다. 이러한 균학적 특징은 코스모스 흰깜부기병균 E. cosmi V$\acute{a}$nky, Horita & Jage와 일치하였다. 이는 한국에서 E. cosmi에 의한 코스모스 흰깜부기병의 최초 보고이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Farr, D. F. and Rossman, A. Y. 2012. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov//fungaldatabases/
  2. Horita, H. and Haga, Y. 1998. White smut of Cosmos caused by Entyloma sp. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Japan 64: 582. (Abstract) (In Japanese)
  3. Jang, I. C., Park, J. H., Park, E. J., Park, H. R. and Lee, S. C. 2008. Antioxidative and antigenotoxic activity of extracts from cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) flowers. Plant Foods Human Nutr. 63: 205−210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-008-0086-8
  4. Kang, M. H., Lee, Y. H. and Lee, J. W. 2004. Changes of growth responses and phytoaccumulation for heavy metal in Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. and Helianthus annuus L. during growing period: the potential for phytoremediation. J. Korean Soc. People Plant Envir. 7: 16−22. (In Korean)
  5. Park, S. H. 2009. New Illustrations and Photographs of Naturalized Plants of Korea. Ilchokok Publisher, Seoul. Korea. 575 pp. (In Korean)
  6. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology. 2009. List of Plant Diseases in Korea. 5th ed., Suwon, Korea. 853 pp.
  7. The Phytopathological Society of Japan. 2000. Common Names of Plant Diseases in Japan. Japan Plant Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan. 856 pp.
  8. The Phytopathological Society of Japan. 2011. Supplements for the common names of plant diseases in Japan. Japan Plant Protection Association, Tokyo, Japan. 213 pp.
  9. Vanky, K., Horita, H. and Jage, H. 2005a. Entyloma cosmi sp. nov. on Cosmos bipinnatus (Compositae). Mycoscience 46: 364-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-005-0260-x
  10. Vanky, K., Jage, H. and Scholz, H. 2005b. Three smut fungi new for Europe. Nova Hedw. 80: 387-395. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2005/0080-0387
  11. Woo, J. H., Shin, S. L., Chang, Y. D. and Lee, C. H. 2010. Antioxidant effect according to extraction method in extracts of Dendranthema zawadskii var. yezoense and Cosmos bipinnatus. Korean J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 28: 462-468.

Cited by

  1. Occurrence of Leaf Blight on Cosmos Caused by Alternaria cosmosa in Korea vol.31, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.NT.09.2014.0095
  2. Phylogenetic placement, DNA barcoding, morphology and evidence for the spreading of Entyloma cosmi, a species attacking Cosmos bipinnatus in temperate climate gardens vol.145, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0874-1