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Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (생화학분자생물학회)
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AMP-activated protein kinase: implications on ischemic diseases

  • Ahn, Yong-Joo (Vascular Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School) ;
  • Kim, Hwe-Won (Vascular Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School) ;
  • Lim, Hee-Jin (Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST) ;
  • Lee, Max (Vascular Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School) ;
  • Kang, Yu-Hyun (Vascular Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School) ;
  • Moon, Sang-Jun (Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST) ;
  • Kim, Hyeon-Soo (Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hyung-Hwan (Vascular Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School)
  • Received : 2012.07.19
  • Published : 2012.09.30
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Abstract

Ischemia is a blockage of blood supply due to an embolism or a hemorrhage in a blood vessel. When an organ cannot receive oxygenated blood and can therefore no longer replenish its blood supply due to ischemia, stresses, such as the disruption of blood glucose homeostasis, hypoglycemia and hypoxia, activate the AMPK complex. LKB1 and $CaMKK{\beta}$ are essential activators of the AMPK signaling pathway. AMPK triggers proangiogenic effects through the eNOS protein in tissues with ischemic conditions, where cells are vulnerable to apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. The AMPK complex acts to restore blood glucose levels and ATP levels back to homeostasis. This review will discuss AMPK, as well as its key activators (LKB1 and $CaMKK{\beta}$), as a central energy regulator and evaluate the upstream and downstream regulating pathways of AMPK. We will also discuss how we can control this important enzyme in ischemic conditions to prevent harmful effects in patients with vascular damage.

Keywords

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