Abstract
Occurrence Hyphantria cunea was confirmed in 35 cities and counties nationwide in 2011, each of which reported some form of crop and/or ecological damage caused by the moth. Only a larva of the black-headed form were reported to have occurred in the nation. H. cunea was found in street trees 66.7%, followed by landscape trees 19.4% and forests 13.9%. This suggests that artificial environment 86.1% suffered from H. cunea more severely than natural forests. The study identified 44 families and 102 species of host plants, and found an additional 29 species, to those which had been identified in previous studies. At present, the identified host plants of H. cunea are composed of 62 families and 219 species in total since their first appearance was reported approximately 50 years ago. Host plants include 5 species of food crops (2.3%), 6 species of vegetables (2.7%), 4 species of medicinal crops (1.8%), 1 species of industrial crops (0.5%), 13 species of fruit trees (5.9%), 6 species of other trees crops (2.7%) as well as a further 5 species of farmed crops (2.3%). Seven species of host plants (18.4%) originate from North America where Hyphantria cunea has been introduced from, while 11 species (29.0%) are from China and Japan, Europe and India were the native sources of (10.5%) of the origin with 4 species, respectively. Seventeen species of trees, including Platanus occidentalis L., Ulmus davidiana (var.) japonica (Rehder) (Nakai) and Cornus officinalis (Siebold & Zucc) were heavily noted to be heavily infected with larval populations.
미국흰불나방은 2011년 국내 35개 시군에서 발생과 피해가 확인되었고, 국내에서는 검은색 머리(black-headed form)를 가진 유충의 출현만 확인되었다. 미국흰불나방이 출현하는 곳의 서식지 분포비율은 가로수 66.7%, 조경수 19.4%, 산림 13.9%로 나타났다. 즉 가로수, 조경수가 86.1%로 인위적인 환경에서 피해가 심각하였다. 본 연구에서 확인된 기주식물은 총 44과 102종으로 조사되었고, 선행연구와 비교하여 29종이 추가되었다. 국내에서 최초 발견된 후 약 50년이 지난 현재 선행연구를 포함한 기주식물은 총 62과 219종으로 조사되었다. 그 중에서 식량작물 5종(2.3%), 채소류 6종(2.7%), 약용작물 4종(1.8%), 특용작물 1종(0.5%), 과수 13종(5.9%), 기타수원지 6종(2.7%), 기타작물 5종(2.3%)이 포함되어 있다. 기주식물의 원산지는 미국흰불나방의 원산지와 같은 북미 원산 식물 7종(18.4%), 중국 원산 식물 11종(29.0%), 일본 원산 식물 4종(10.5%), 유럽 원산 식물 4종(10.5%), 인도 원산 식물 4종(10.5%) 등으로 조사되었다. 유충에 의해 집중적으로 피해를 입은 수종은 양버즘나무(Platanus occidentalis L.), 느릅나무(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai), 산수유(Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc.) 등 총 17종으로 관찰되었다.
