Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (대한간호학회지)

Korean Society of Nursing Science (한국간호과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Depression of Married and Employed Women Based on Social-Role Theory

기혼 직장 여성 우울: 사회역할 이론을 중심으로

  • Cho, In-Sook (Department of Nursing, Inha University) ;
  • Ahn, Suk-Hee (College of Nursing, Chungnam University) ;
  • Kim, Souk-Young (College of Nursing, Eulji University) ;
  • Park, Young-Sook (College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Hae-Won (Department of Nursing, Kwandong University) ;
  • Lee, Sun-Ok (Department of Nursing, Silla University) ;
  • Lee, Sook-Hee (Department of Nursing, Seoyoung University) ;
  • Chung, Chae-Weon (College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2011.10.25
  • Accepted : 2012.07.18
  • Published : 2012.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study was based on social-role theory, and purposes were to investigate (1) how depression and health determinants vary with married and employed women, and (2) what factors contribute to depression according to family cycle. Methods: A stratified convenience sample of 765 married and employed women was recruited during May to August 2010. Study variables of depression, socio-demographic threatening factors, psycho-stimulating factors, and social-role related factors were measured via a structured questionnaire. Results: Prevalence rate for depression was 18.6%, with highest rate (25.4%) from elementary laborers. Greater levels of depression were related to women's occupation, higher life stress, and poorer health; lower social support and vulnerable personality; higher levels of social-role related stress. From multivariate analysis, women with preadolescents were the most vulnerable to depression affected by occupation, life stress, personality, and parenting stress. These factors (except for occupational class) combined with economic status, social support, and housework unfairness were significant for depression in women with adolescents. Conclusion: Depression among married and employed women differs by psycho-stimulating and social role relevant factors in addition to occupational class and family life cycle. Female elementary laborers and women with children need to have the highest prioritization for community mental health programs.

Keywords

References

  1. Abidin, R. (1995). Parenting stress index (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
  2. Ahn, S. H. (2004). Physical health and depression in women by employment status and role satisfaction. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 10, 23-31.
  3. Aneshensel, C. S., Frerichs, R. R., & Clark, V. A. (1981). Family roles and sex differences in depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 379-393. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136679
  4. Arber, S. (1991). Class, paid employment and family roles: Making sense of structural disadvantage, gender and health status. Social Science & Medicine, 32, 425-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90344-C
  5. Barnett, R., & Baruch. G. (1987). Social roles, gender, and psychological distress. In R. Barnett, L. Biener, & G. Baruch (Eds.), Gender and stress. New York: Free Press.
  6. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck depression inventories-IA and-II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588-597. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
  7. Bipolar disorder, worse than depression. (2011, May 2). Health insurance Review & Assessment Service. Retrieved June 1, 2011, from http://www.hira.or.kr/cms/rc/rce_news/1205271_ 10816.html
  8. Brommelhoff, J. A., Conway, K., Merikangas, K., & Levy, B. R. (2004). Higher rates of depression in women: Role of gender bias within the family. Journal of Women's Health, 13, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1089/154099904322836474
  9. Brown, G. W., Andrews, B., Harris, T., Adler, Z., & Bridge, L. (1986). Social support, self-esteem and depression. Psychological Medicine, 16, 813-831. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700011831
  10. Chang, S. J., Koh, S. B., Kang, M. G., Cha, B. S., Park, J. K., Hyun, S. J., et al. (2005). Epidemiology of psychosocial distress in Korean employees. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 38, 25-37.
  11. Cho, I. S., & Park, Y. S. (2004). Transition model of middle-aged women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 34, 515-524. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2004.34.3.515
  12. Cho, S. J., Jang, S. N., & Cho, S. I. (2008). Multiple roles and health among Korean women. Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, 41, 355-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph. 2008.41.5.355
  13. Chung, K. M., Lee, K. S., & Park, J. A. (2008). Korean parenting stress index: Expert guide. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  14. Davidson, K. W., Trudeau, K. J., Roosmalen, E., Stewart, M., & Kirkland, S. (2006). Gender as a health determinant and implications for health education. Health Education & Behavior, 33, 731-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106288043
  15. Dietch, K. V., & Bunney, B. (2002). The "silent" disease. Diagnosing and treating depression in women. AWHONN Lifelines, 6, 140-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6356.2002.tb00053.x
  16. Duvall, E. M. (1988). Family development's first forty years. Family Relations, 37, 127-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/584309
  17. Glass, J., & Fujimoto, T. (1994). Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 179-191. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137364
  18. Karasek, R., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity and the reconstruction of working life. New York: Basic Books, Inc.
  19. Katz, H. M. (2006). Study design and statistical analysis: A practical guide for clinicians Cambridge: Cambridge Universi ty Press.
  20. Kim, I. H., & Chun, H. (2009). Employment and married women's health in Korea: Beneficial or harmful? Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 45, 323-330.
  21. Kim, M. S., Lee, I. S., & Lee, C. S. (2007). The validation study 1 of Korean BDI-2: In female university students sample. Korean Journal of Psychology, 26, 997-1014. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2007.26.4.011
  22. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). National health and nutrition examination survey: The 4th (2008) results report: 2008 National health statistics. Seoul: Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family.
  23. Korean Statistical Office. (2010). Korean standard statistical classification: Statistics Korea. Korean Statistical Information Service. Retrieved October 1, 2010, from http://www.index.go.kr/
  24. Kwon, S. S. (2009). The relationship between job stress and turnover intention of independent contractors in Korea. Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy, 9, 119-156.
  25. Lahelma, E., Arber, S., Kivela, K., & Roos, E. (2002). Multiple roles and health among British and Finnish women: Theinfluence of socioeconomic circumstances. Social Science & Medicine, 54, 727-740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00105-8
  26. Laursen, B., Coy, K. C., & Collins, W. A. (1998). Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence: Ameta-analysis. Child Development, 69, 817-832. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1467-8624. 1998.tb06245.x
  27. Lee, J. H., & Lee, E. H. (2000). The moderating effect of coping strategies upon multiple role conflicts and depression within dual employed couples. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 5, 287-303.
  28. Luecken, L. J., Suarez, E. C., Kuhn, C. M., Barefoot, J. C., Blumenthal, J. A., Siegler, I. C., et al. (1997). Stress in employed women: Impact of marital status and children at home on neurohormone output and homestrain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59, 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199707000-00003
  29. Ministry of Health & Welfare. (2006). The epidemiological survey of psychiatric illnesses in Korea. Seoul: Author.
  30. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, L. M., & Wanson, E. (2008). Nursing outcomes classification (NOC), Fourth edition. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.
  31. Noble, R. E. (2005). Depression in women. Metabolism, 54(5 Suppl 1), 49-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.014
  32. Park, Y. S. (2002). A crisis model for the early adolescent. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul.
  33. Paykel, E. S. (1991). Depression in women. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158(Suppl 10), 22-29.
  34. Sung, H. M., Kim, J. B., Park, Y. N., Bai, D. S., Lee, S. H., & Ahn, H. N. (2008). A study on the reliability and the validity of Korean version of the Beck depression inventory-II(BDI-II). Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry, 14, 201-212.

Cited by

  1. Relating Factors for Depression in Korean Working Women: Secondary Analysis of the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) vol.9, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.07.002
  2. 여성 문제음주자의 건강행태와 건강관련 삶의 질이 우울에 미치는 영향 vol.16, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.11.7844
  3. 고학력 전문직 중년여성의 이혼 후 삶의 경험 vol.22, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2016.22.1.11
  4. 근로자의 직업불안정성이 직업 관련 우울감 및 불안감에 미치는 영향: 대규모와 소규모 사업장 근로자를 중심으로 vol.25, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2016.25.4.329
  5. Factors Affecting Unmet Healthcare Needs of Working Married Immigrant Women in South Korea vol.29, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.1.41
  6. 취업 여성의 미혼 성인자녀 돌봄 부담이 우울에 미치는 영향 : 부부의사소통과 일 만족도의 매개효과 vol.8, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.22156/cs4smb.2018.8.6.293
  7. Mediating Effect of Meaning in Life on the Relationship between Social Connectedness and Depression among Middle-aged Women vol.28, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2019.28.4.373
  8. Effects of Women’s Work-Family Multiple Role and Role Combination on Depressive Symptoms in Korea vol.17, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041249
  9. The Mediating Effects of Marital Intimacy and Work Satisfaction in the Relationship between Husbands’ Domestic Labor and Depressive Mood of Married Working Women vol.17, pp.12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124547
  10. Partners' relationship and depression vol.21, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.36290/psy.2020.016