Korean Journal of Microbiology (미생물학회지)

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antimicrobial Effect of Carvacrol against Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria

치아우식증 및 치주질환 원인균에 대한 Carvacrol의 항균효과

  • Park, Soon-Nang (Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Kyun (Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Lim, Yun-Kyong (Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Kim, Hwa-Sook (Department of Dental Hygiene, Chunnam Techno College) ;
  • Cho, Eu-Gene (Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Jin, Dongchun (Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University) ;
  • Kim, Saeng-Gon (Department of Human Biology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Kook, Joong-Ki (Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University)
  • 박순낭 (조선대학교 치과대학 구강생화학교실) ;
  • 이동균 (조선대학교 치과보존학교실) ;
  • 임윤경 (조선대학교 치과대학 구강생화학교실) ;
  • 김화숙 (전남과학대학 치위생과) ;
  • 조유진 (조선대학교 치과대학 구강생화학교실) ;
  • 김동춘 (중국 연변대학교 농학원 동물의학교실) ;
  • 김생곤 (조선대학교 치과대학 인체생물학교실) ;
  • 국중기 (조선대학교 치과대학 구강생화학교실)
  • Received : 2012.02.13
  • Accepted : 2012.03.21
  • Published : 2012.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of carvacrol against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria and its cytotoxicity in human oral tissue cells. We tested their antibacterial properties against mutans streptococci and five major periodontopathic bacterial species involved in periodontal disease. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The cell viability of carvacrol on normal human gingival fibroblast (NHGF) cells was tested by metyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The data showed that carvacrol had remarkable antimicrobial effect on tested bacteria with a MIC and MBC values ranged from 16 to $128{\mu}g/ml$ and from 32 to $128{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In cell toxicity studies, carvacrol had significantly decreased cell viability when NHGF cells were treated at $128{\mu}g/ml$. These findings suggest that carvacrol has a strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. However, in order to use it as a component of gargling solution or toothpaste, its concentration should be below $64{\mu}g/ml$ and other compounds having an antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria should be used together.

본 연구는 치아우식증 및 치주질환 원인균들에 대한 carvacrol의 항균능을 알아보고, 사람의 구강조직 세포에서 세포의 생존율을 분석하여 세포독성 정도를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. Carvacrol의 항균능은 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균과 5종류의 치주질환 원인균을 이용하여 MIC 및 MBC 값을 측정하여 분석하였고, 세포생존율은 정상 사람 치은섬유모세포를 이용하여 MTT 분석법으로 평가하였다. 구강질환 원인균에 대한 carvacrol의 MIC 및 MBC 값은 각각 $16-128{\mu}g/ml$과 $32-128{\mu}g/ml$이었다. 세포독성 실험 결과 carvacrol은 $128{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 세포생존율이 현저히 감소하였다. 따라서 carvacrol은 치아우식증과 치주질환 원인균에 대한 항균작용이 뛰어나지만, 구강조직 세포에 대해 세포독성을 가지고 있어 가글린제 및 치약 등의 구강위생용품에 활용하기 위해서는 $64{\mu}g/ml$ 이하의 농도로 사용하고 정상 사람 치은섬유모세포에 대한 독성이 없는 다른 항균물질과 혼합하여 사용하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aeschbach, R., Loliger, J., Scott, B.C., Murcia, A., Butler, J., Halliwell, B., and Aruoma, O.I. 1994. Antioxidant actions of thymol, carvacrol, 6-gingerol, zingerone and hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32, 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(84)90033-4
  2. Alam, K., Nagi, M.N., Badary, O.A., Al-Shabanah, O.A., Al-Rikabi, A.C., and Al-Bekairi, A.M. 1999. The protective action of thymol against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in mice. Pharmacol. Res. 40, 159-163. https://doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1999.0472
  3. Assev, S., Stig, S., and Scheie, A.A. 2002. Cariogenic traits in xylitol-resistant and xylitol-sensitive mutans streptococci. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 17, 95-99. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0902-0055.2001.00099.x
  4. Board of Trustees of the American Academy of Periodontology. 2000. Parameter on systemic conditions affected by periodontal disease. J. Periodontol. 71, 880-883. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.5-S.880
  5. Botelho, M.A., Nogueira, N.A., Bastos, G.M., Fonseca, S.G., Lemos, T.L., Matos, F.J., Montenegro, D., Heukelbach, J., Rao, V.S., and Brito, G.A. 2007. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Lippia sidoides, carvacrol and thymol against oral pathogens. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 40, 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2007000300010
  6. Darveau, R.P., Tanner, A., and Page, R.C. 1997. The microbial challenge in periodontitis. Periodontol. 2000. 14, 12-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00190.x
  7. Fine, D.H. 1988. Mouthrinses as adjuncts for plaque and gingivitis management. A status report for the American Journal of Dentistry. Am. J. Dent. 1, 259-263.
  8. Haffajee, A.D. and Socransky, S.S. 1994. Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontol. 2000. 5, 78-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00020.x
  9. Hwang, J.K., Chung, J.Y., Baek, N.I., and Park, J.H. 2004. Isopanduratin A from Kaempferia pandurata as an active antibacterial agent against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 23, 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.08.011
  10. Kim, M.J., Kim, C.S., Kim, B.H., Ro, S.B., Lim, Y.K., Park, S.N., Cho, E., Ko, J.H., Kwon, S.S., Ko, Y.M., and et al. 2011. Antimicrobial effect of Korean propolis against the mutans streptococci isolated from Korean. J. Microbiol. 49, 161-164. Erratum in: J. Microbiol. 49, 327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1002-8
  11. Kubert, D., Rubin, M., Barnett, M.L., and Vincent, J.W. 1993. Antiseptic mouthrinse-induced microbial cell surface alterations. Am. J. Dent. 6, 277-279.
  12. Lambert, R.J., Skandamis, P.N., Coote, P.J., and Nychas, G.J. 2001. A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91, 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01428.x
  13. Loesche, W.J. 1986. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol. Rev. 50, 353-380.
  14. Marsh, P.D. 1992. Microbiological aspects of the chemical control of plaque and gingivitis. J. Dent. Res. 71, 1431-1438. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710071501
  15. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 2000. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: Approved Standard M7-A5. NCCLS, Wayne, PA, USA.
  16. Petersen, P.E. 2003. The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century-the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 31, 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1046/j..2003.com122.x
  17. Petersen, P.E. 2004. Challenges to improvement of oral health in the 21st century the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Int. Dent. J. 54, 329-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2004.tb00009.x
  18. Qiu, J., Zhang, X., Luo, M., Li, H., Dong, J., Wang, J., Leng, B., Wang, X., Feng, H., Ren, W., and Deng, X. 2011. Subinhibitory concentrations of perilla oil affect the expression of secreted virulence factor genes in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 6, e16160. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016160
  19. Robledo, S., Osorio, E., Munoz, D., Jaramillo, L.M., Restrepo, A., Arango, G., and Velez, I. 2005. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicities and antileishmanial activities of thymol and hemisynthetic derivatives. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 1652-1655. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.49.4.1652-1655.2005
  20. Skold, K., Twetman, S., Hallgren, A., Yucel-Lindberg, T., and Modeer, T. 1998. Effect of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing varnish on prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 106, 571-575. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0909-8836.1998.eos106106.x
  21. Solorzano-Santos, F. and Miranda-Novales, M.G. 2011. Essential oils from aromatic herbs as antimicrobial agents. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.005.
  22. Sousa, E.O., Silva, N.F., Rodrigues, F.F., Campos, A.R., Lima, S.G., and Costa, J.G. 2010. Chemical composition and resistance-modifying effect of the essential oil of Lantana camara. Linn. Pharmacogn. Mag. 6, 79-82. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.62890
  23. Spencer, A.J. and Do, L.G. 2008. Changing risk factors for fluorosis among South Australian children. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 36, 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00389.x
  24. Tredwin, C., Scully, C., and Bagan-Sebastian, J. 2005. Drug-induced disorders of teeth. J. Dent. Res. 84, 596-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910508400703
  25. Weber, F.J. and de Bont, J.A. 1996. Adaptation mechanisms of microorganisms to the toxic effects of organic solvents on membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1286, 225-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4157(96)00010-X
  26. Zeytinoglu, H., Incesu, Z., and Baser, K.H. 2003. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by carvacrol in mouse myoblast cells bearing a human N-RAS oncogene. Phytomedicine 10, 292-299. https://doi.org/10.1078/094471103322004785

Cited by

  1. Antimicrobial Effects of Ethanol Extract of Yongdamgosam-hwan against Streptococcus mutans vol.30, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2015.30.6.55.
  2. Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Propolis on Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm vol.41, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2016.41.4.253
  3. 구강세균에 대한 구름버섯 추출물의 항균효과 vol.17, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2017.17.01.111
  4. 싸리버섯 추출물의 구강세균에 대한 항균활성 vol.17, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2017.17.03.493
  5. 보건계열 대학생의 국가시험 스트레스와 주관적 구강이상증상 vol.20, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2020.20.05.351
  6. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Polygonum cuspidatum as a Mouthwash Component vol.16, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x211005255