DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Soil Microbial Community Analysis using Soil Enzyme Activities in Red Pepper Field Treated Microbial Agents

토양효소활성을 이용한 미생물제제 처리 고추경작지의 토양미생물군집 분석

  • Kim, Yo-Hwan (Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Lim, Jong-Hui (Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University) ;
  • An, Chang-Hwan (Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Jung, Byung-Kwon (Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Dal (Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University)
  • Received : 2011.10.21
  • Accepted : 2012.02.02
  • Published : 2012.03.31

Abstract

Increasing concerns over green farming technology, plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGRP) having growth promoting as well as plant disease suppressing properties was recently preferred to use for biological control of plant pathogens infecting plant. We measured the influence of the selected microbial consortium agents-a mixture of PGPR strains-, commercial bio-fungicide, and chemical pesticides on soil microbial community in red pepper field. The activities of soil enzyme such as dehydrogenase, urease, phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and cellulase were analyzed to investigate that of soil microbial community. We also measured plant length, main stem, stem diameter, number of branches and yields of red-pepper in order to observe the red pepper growth promotion. The results of measuring enzyme activities were dehydrogenase 3.5584 ${\mu}g$ TPF $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, urease 15.8689 ${\mu}g$ $NH_4{^-}N$ $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, phosphatase 0.5692 ${\mu}g$ PNP $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, ${\beta}$-glucosidase 2.4785 ${\mu}g$ PNP $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, and cellulase 86.1597 ${\mu}g$ glucose $g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in the soil treated with the microbial consortium agents, so it came out to be very active in the soil. Observing the growth of red-peppers, the main-stem length and the stem diameter were 6.1% and 8.1% higher in the soil treated with the selected microbial consortium agent than the chemical pesticides. After harvesting, yields were 7.3% higher in the soil treated with selected microbial consortium agents than the chemical pesticides. These results showed that microbial consortium agents contribute to increasing soil microbial diversity, growth promoting, and yield of red pepper.

친환경 농법이 대두되면서 식물 병원균에 대한 길항능과 식물생장 촉진능을 동시에 가지는 plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGRP)을 이용해 식물병을 방제하는 미생물 농법이 선호되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양비옥도 지표효소로 알려진 5종의 토양효소활성 측정을 이용해 plant growth promoting rhizobacterium 균주인 Bacillus subtilis AH18, Bacillus licheniformis K11, Pseudomonas fluorescens 2112를 조합한 복합미생물제제와 시판중인 미생물농약, 화학농약을 처리한 고추경작지에서 토양미생물상을 분석하고 고추의 생장 및 수확량을 측정하여 메타지노믹스를 이용한 토양미생물 다양성 연구의 기초자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 토양효소활성의 측정에서 복합미생물제제 처리구가 dehydrogenase 3.5584 ${\mu}g$ TPF $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, urease 15.8689 ${\mu}g$ $NH_4{^-}N$ $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, phosphatase 0.5692 ${\mu}g$ PNP $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, ${\beta}$-glucosidase 2.4785 ${\mu}g$ PNP $g^{-1}h^{-1}$, cellulase 86.1597 ${\mu}g$ glucose $g^{-1}h^{-1}$의 수치를 나타내 타처리구보다 높은 활성을 보여 토양미생물상의 다양성이 증대됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 고추의 생장촉진도측정에서 복합미생물제제가 타처리구에 비해 주경장에서 최대 6.1%, 경경에서 최대 8.1%의 생장촉진능을 보여 복합미생물제제의 생장촉진능을 확인하였다. 생고추의 수확량 측정에서는 복합미생물제제가 무처리구를 기준으로 했을 때 14%의 수확량 증대효과를 나타내었고, 화학농약 처리구보다도 7.3%의 증대효과를 나타내어 복합미생물제제에 의한 수확량 증대효과도 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에 사용된 복합 미생물컨소시움제제가 고추경작지 토양의 미생물상 다양성 증가와 고추의 생장촉진 및 수확량 향상 모두에 기여함을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson JM (1991) The effects of climate change on decomposition processes in grassland and coniferous forests. Ecol Appl 1, 326-437. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941761
  2. Baek MH (2003) Assessment of soil environment risk with use of soil microbes at the undustrial complex. Graduate School, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.
  3. Chew I, Obbard JP, and Stanforth RR (2001) Microbial cellulose decomposition in soils from a rifle range contaminated with heavy metals. Env Sci 111, 367-375.
  4. Choi MY (2003) Microbial diversity on an industrialized and agricultural district. Graduate School, Yosu National University, Yosu, Korea.
  5. Debosz K, Rasmussen PH, and Pedersen AR (1999) Temporal variations in microbial biomass C and cellulolytic enzyme activity in arable soils effects of organic matter input. Appl Soil Ecol 13, 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(99)00034-7
  6. Eivazi F and Tabatabai MA (1988) Glucosidases and agalactosidases in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 20, 601-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(88)90141-1
  7. Garcia C and Hernandez T (1997) Biological and biochemical indicators in derelict soils subject to erosion. Soil Biol Biochem 29, 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(96)00294-5
  8. Garcia-Gil JC, Plaza P, Soler-Rovira P, and Polo A (2000) Long-term effects on municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass. Soil Biol Biochem 32, 1907-1913. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00165-6
  9. Han KH, Lee CU, and Kim SD (1999) Antagonistic role of chitinase and antibiotic produced by Promicromonospora sp. KH-28 toward F. oxysporum. Korean J Appl Microbial Biotechnol 27, 349-353.
  10. Hu C and Cao Z (2007) Size and activity of the soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity in long-term field experiments. World J Agri Sci 3, 63-70.
  11. Jeong DH, Park KD, Kim SH, Kim KR, Choi SW, Kim JT, Choi KH, and Kim JH (2004) Identification of Streptomyces sp. producing antibiotics against phytopathogenic fungi, and its structure. J Microbiol Biotechnol 14, 212-215.
  12. Joa JH, Lee JH, Won HY, Han SG, and Lim HC (2008) Effect of different soil managements on physical properties and microbial activities in citrus orchard soil. Korean J Soil Sci Fert 41, 279-284.
  13. Joa JH, Moon DG, Chun SJ, Kim CH, Choi KS, Hyun HN, and Kang UG (2009) Effect of temperature on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and PLFA content during incubation peroid of soil treated with organic materials. Korean J Soil Sci Fert 42, 500-512.
  14. Jung HK and Kim SD (2004) Selection and antaginistic mechanism of Pseudomonas fluorescens 4059 against phytophthora blight disease. Korean J Microbiol Biotechnol 32, 312-316.
  15. Jung HK, Kim JR, Woo SM, and Kim SD (2006) An auxin producing plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis AH18 which has siderophore-producing biocontol activity. Korean J Microbiol Biotechnol 34, 94-100.
  16. Jung HK, Kim JR, Woo SM, and Kim SD (2007) Selection of the auxin, siderophore, and cellulase-producing PGPR, Bacillus licheniformis K11 and its plant growth promoting mechanisms. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 50, 23-28.
  17. Jung HK, Ryoo JC, and Kim SD (2005) A multimicrobial biofungicide for the biological control against several important plant pathogenic fungi. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 48, 40-47.
  18. Kang SJ, Kim JH, and Joo GJ (2005) Isolation of antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium oxysporum and physicochemical properties of compost mixed with microbial formulation. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 23, 342-350.
  19. Kim KY and Kim SD (1997) Biological control of Pyricularia aryzae blast spot with the antibiotic substances produced by Bacillus sp. KL-3. Korean J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 25, 396-402.
  20. Kirschbaum MUF (1995) The temperature dependence of soil organic matter decomposition, and the effect of global warming on soil organic C storage. Soil Biol Biochem 31, 205-211.
  21. Koch O, Tscherko D, and Kandeler E (2007) Temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration, nitrogen mineralization, and potential soil enzyme activities in organic alpine soils. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 21, GB4017. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002983
  22. Kwon YT (2008) Capsicum annuum manual. Yeongyang-gun Agriculture Extension Center, Korea.
  23. Langer U and Günther Th (2001) Effects of alkaline dust deposits from phosphate fertilizer production on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in grassland soils. Env Pollution 112, 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00148-2
  24. Lee ET and Kim SD (2000) Selection and antifungal activity of antagonistic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. 2112 against red-pepper rotting Phytophthora capsici. Korean J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 28, 334-340.
  25. Lee JM, Do ES, Baik SB, and Chun SC (2003) Effect of organic amendments on efficacy of biological control of seedling damping-off of cucumber with several microbial products. Korean J Mycol 31, 44-49. https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2003.31.1.044
  26. Lim HS and Kim SD (1995) The role and characterization of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase in biocontrol of Fusarium solani by Pseudomonas stutzeri. J Microbiol 33, 295-304.
  27. Lim JH, Jung HY, and Kim SD (2009) Development of the microbial consortium for the environmental friendly agriculture by the antagonistic rhizobacteria. J Appl Biol Chem 52, 116-120. https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2009.020
  28. Nobili DM, Contin M, and Brookes PC (2006) Microbial biomass dynamics in recently air-dry for up to 103 years. Soil Biol Biochem 38, 2871-2881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.044
  29. Pancholy SK and Rice EL (1973) Soil enzymes in relation to old field succession: amylase, cellulase, invertase, dehydrogenase and urease. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 37, 47-50.
  30. Park KC, Lim JH, Kim SD, and Yi YK (2009) Effects of phytophthora blightantagonistic Microorganisms Bacillus subtilis AH18 and Bacillus licheniformis K11 on the soil microbail community. J Appl Biol Chem 52, 121-125. https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2009.021
  31. Paul EA and Clark FE (1989) Soil microbiology and biochemistry. Academic press, San Diego, CA.
  32. Pusey PL (1996) Micro-organism as agents in plant disease control. Crop Protection Agents from Nature: Natural Products and Analogues. Crit Rep Appl Chem 35, 426-436.
  33. Rai B and Srivastava AK (1983) Decomposition and competitive colonization litter by fungi. Soil Biol Biochem 15, 115-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(83)90128-1
  34. Ross DJ (1970) Effects of storage on dehydrogenase activity of soils. Soil Biol Biochem 2, 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(70)90026-X
  35. Sardans J, Penuelas J, and Estiarte M (2008) Changes in soil enzymes related to C and N cycle and in soil C and N content under prolonged warming and drought in a Mediterranean shrubland. Appl Soil Ecol 39, 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2007.12.011
  36. Speir TW, Kettles HA, Percival HJ, and Parshotam A (1999) Is soil acidification the cause of biochemical responses when soils are amended with heavy metal salts? Soil Biol Biochem 31, 1953-1961. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00115-7
  37. Thirup L, Johansen A, and Winding A (2003) Microbial succession in the rhizosphere of live and decomposing barley roots as affected by the antagonistic strain Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54-BN14 or the fungicide imazalil. FEMS Microb Ecol 43, 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01079.x
  38. Trevors JT, Mayfield CI, and Inniss WE (1982) Measurement of electron transport system (ETS) activity in soil. Microb Ecol 8, 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02010449
  39. Trevors JT (1984) Dehydrogenase activity in soil: A comparison between the INT and TTC assay. Soil Biol Biochem 16, 673-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(84)90090-7
  40. Van Veen JA, Van Overbeek LS, and Van Elsas JD (1997) Fate and activity of microorganism introduced into soil. Microbiol Mol Rev 61, 121-135.
  41. Yun GH, Lee ET, and Kim SD (2001) Identification and antifungal antagonism of Chryseomonas luteola 5042 against Phytophthora capsici. Korean J Appl Microbial Biotechnol 29, 186-193.

Cited by

  1. Effect of Bacillus subtilis S37-2 on Microorganisms in Soil and Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) vol.49, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2016.49.5.621
  2. Bacillus methylotrophicus CSY-F1 alleviates drought stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) grown in soil with high ferulic acid levels vol.431, pp.1-2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3748-9
  3. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus CSY-P13 Mitigates Stress of Ferulic and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acids in Cucumber by Affecting Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Soil Bacterial Community vol.9, pp.1664-302X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01262
  4. Biochar amendment alters the relation between the Pb distribution and biological activities in soil pp.1735-2630, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02257-y
  5. 두둑을 재활용한 한국형 무경운 유기 농업 IV. 분할관수와 유기물처리에 의한 시설 고추 유기재배 토양 미생물상과 토양 효소의 변화 vol.25, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2017.25.2.311
  6. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity for Human Cancer Cells of Extracts from Lilium davidii Root vol.28, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2018.12.28.6.444
  7. Ameliorative effects of biochar on persistency, dissipation, and toxicity of atrazine in three contrasting soils vol.303, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114146