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Characteristics of Vegetation on Soils Having Different Salinity in Recently Reclaimed Saemangeumin Region of Korea

새만금 신간척지 토양의 염농도별 식생특성

  • 김선 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 김택겸 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 정재혁 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 양창휴 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 이장희 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 최원영 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 김영두 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 김시주 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 성기영 (국립식량과학원 벼맥류부)
  • Received : 2012.02.10
  • Accepted : 2012.03.13
  • Published : 2012.03.30

Abstract

This study was conducted to survey vegetation changes and soil characteristics in Saemangeum new reclaimed tidal land. Soil salinity in border area to tidal land was 22.3 dS $m^{-1}$ but showed 1.1~3.44 dS $m^{-1}$ over the distance of 2 km from border line. The vascular plants in survey sites were recorded as total 26 taxa in 6 families. The frequency of species appearance of Aster tripolium, A. subulatus var. sandwicensis were highest by 61.5 and that of Phragmites communis, Puccinellia nipponica were 53.8. The almost vegetations occurred in the patch which range of soil salinity 14 dS $m^{-1}$ were halophytes as Salicornia europaea, Suaeda asparagoides, S. japonica. As lowed soil salinity as 6.7 dS $m^{-1}$, mixed vegetation of halophytes with P. communis, P. nipponica, Carex pumila were occurred. Dominant species in the range of 3.0 dS $m^{-1}$ area were A. subulatus var. sandwicensis, P. communis, Echinochloa spp., Zoysia sinica and Conyza canadensis. Biomass production was the highest in the area of dominant vegetation with P. communis, and mixed zone with P. communis and Aeschynomene indica are followed. The correlation between vegetation biomass and soil salinity, soil pH and dominance index of vegetation were negative. But that of vegetation biomass and soil organic content were positive.

간척지를 농업용지로 개발하는데 간척지에 자생하는 식생의 이용가능성에 관한 기초 자료를 얻고자 새만금 간척지 내 계화지구에서 식생군락에 따라 식물종을 분류하고 토양 화학성과의 관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 담수면 토양을 기점으로 조사된 위치별 토양염농도는 담수면 인접부가 22.3dS $m^{-1}$ 로 가장 높았고 육지쪽으로 진행될수록 낮아져 해수면에서 2km이상 되는 지점에서는 1.1~3.44dS $m^{-1}$를 나타냈다. 자생하는 식물은 6과 26종이 조사되었으며, 식물종별 발생빈도는 갯개미취, 비짜루국화가 61.5로 가장 높은 빈도를 나타냈고, 이어 갈대와 갯꾸러미풀이 53.8이었다. 식생의 발생은 토양 염농도 14dS $m^{-1}$ 지점에서 시작되었고 주로 명아주과 염생식물들인 퉁퉁마디, 나문재, 칠면초, 해홍나물 등이 나타났다. 이후 6.7dS $m^{-1}$ 지점에서부터 화본과 식물인 갈대, 갯꾸러미풀 등이 나타났고, 5dS $m^{-1}$ 에서 사초과 식물이 나타났다. 3dS $m^{-1}$이하에서는 비짜루국화, 갈대, 피, 갯잔디, 망초 등 중성식물들이 나타났다. 식생 종수는 염생식물과 중생식물이 동시에 나타나는 5dS $m^{-1}$ 지점에서 많았고, Biomass는 갈대가 우점한 식생구가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 갈대+자귀풀이 우점한 식생에서 많았다. 식생의 생장량은 토양 염농도와는 부의상관을 나타냈고, 유기물함량과는 정의상관을 나타냈으며, pH와 식생의 우점도간에는 부의 상관을 나타냈다.

Keywords

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