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Overview of the Leading Environmental Specimen Banks in the World and Future Challenges of the National Environmental Specimen Bank in Korea

선진국 환경시료은행의 특성 분석을 통한 국가환경시료은행의 발전방안

  • Lee, Jong-Chun (National Environmental Specimen Bank at National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Jin (National Environmental Specimen Bank at National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이종천 (국립환경과학원 국가환경시료은행) ;
  • 김명진 (국립환경과학원 국가환경시료은행)
  • Received : 2012.01.18
  • Accepted : 2012.04.18
  • Published : 2012.04.28

Abstract

The ESBs (Environmental Specimen Banks) have monitoring functions for the contemporary environmental qualities and also offer the future generation tangible information on the past environment by preserving the specimens. This entails the sampling of the representative specimen for each distinctive ecosystem, which is performed under a strict and stipulated procedure and a condition that does not allow any change in the component so that a retrospective analysis can be readily done even in the distant future. It has been more than 30 years that some developing countries started collecting a broad spectrum of specimens to vindicate the effectiveness of an environmental policy and to monitor the long-term variations of background concentrations of environmental pollutants. Though being late, the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea, has successfully launched the National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) in 2009 equipped with its state-of-the-art automated cryogenic tanks. Since then, the researchers at the NESB have been doing their best to excel the existing ESBs around the world by learning and improving the expertise. To do so, they conducted a pilot study for developing and testing their own Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) based on the analysis of the examples of the other ESBs. The problems from the pilot study had been reviewed to improve the SOP to meet the requirements for an ESB, that is to say, preserving representative environmental specimens in cryogenic condition and enhancing the analytical method. Furthermore, they also need to prepare themselves to address the future challenges by providing some additional functions, which makes it distinguishable from the other ESBs. If successful, this will be a step further to be recognized as a full-fledged member of the ESB society of the world.

환경시료은행은 환경질(environmental quality)의 시공간적 변화를 모니터링 하는 역할 뿐 아니라 시료 자체를 장기 보존함으로써 후세에 과거의 환경을 직접적으로 검증할 수 있는 기회를 부여하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 이를 위해서 다양한 생태계의 환경을 대표할 수 있는 선정된 시료를 엄격하게 규정된 채취방법에 따라 채취하여 성분변화가 일어나지 않는 초저온상태에서 장기간 보관함으로써 미래 시점에서 회고적 분석(retrospective analysis)을 수행할 수 있는 시설이 요구된다. 선진국에서는 이미 30여 년 전부터 환경정책의 실효성을 입증하거나 시대별 환경배경농도의 변화를 모니터링 하기 위해 다양한 환경시료를 저장해 오고 있다. 우리나라에서 2009년 자동화된 초저온 저장시설을 갖춘 국가환경시료은행이 국립환경과학원의 연구진에 의해 설립되었다. 이를 계기로 선진국의 시료은행 운영 경험을 발전시켜 단시간 내에 정상궤도에 안착시키려는 노력을 경주하고 있다. 아울러 그간 선진국의 운영 사례를 분석하고 이를 토대로 작성된 표준운영절차(SOP)에 따라 시험연구를 진행하고 있다. 이러한 과정에서 도출된 문제점을 분석하고 개선함으로 환경을 대표하는 시료의 저장 및 분석이라는 기본적인 기능에 충실한 수행체계를 갖추어 나가고 있다. 그러나 이와 동시에 환경시료은행의 기능을 적극 응용하여 독자적 부가기능을 부여하는 청사진이 제시되고 이에 대한 실행방안도 요구되는 상황이다. 이를 계기로 국가환경시료은행이 명실공히 국제적인 환경기구로 인정받는 도약의 발판을 마련해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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